当前位置: X-MOL 学术Viruses › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Understanding the Evolutionary Ecology of host--pathogen Interactions Provides Insights into the Outcomes of Insect Pest Biocontrol.
Viruses ( IF 5.818 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-25 , DOI: 10.3390/v12020141
David Paez 1 , Arietta Fleming-Davies 2
Affiliation  

The use of viral pathogens to control thepopulation size of pest insects has produced both successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Here, we investigate whether those biocontrol successes and failures can be explained by key ecological and evolutionary processes between hosts and pathogens. Specifically, we examine how heterogeneity inpathogen transmission, ecological and evolutionary tradeoffs, andpathogen diversity affect insect population density and thus successful control. Wefirst review theexisting literature and then use numerical simulations of mathematical models to further explore these processes. Our results show that thecontrol of insect densities using viruses depends strongly on theheterogeneity of virus transmission among insects. Overall, increased heterogeneity of transmission reduces theeffect of viruses on insect densities and increases thelong-term stability of insect populations. Lower equilibrium insect densities occur when transmission is heritable and when there is atradeoff between mean transmission and insect fecundity compared to when theheterogeneity of transmission arises from non-genetic sources. Thus, theheterogeneity of transmission is akey parameter that regulates thelong-term population dynamics of insects and their pathogens. Wealso show that both heterogeneity of transmission and life-history tradeoffs modulate characteristics of population dynamics such as thefrequency and intensity of ``boom--bust" population cycles. Furthermore, we show that because of life-history tradeoffs affecting thetransmission rate, theuse of multiple pathogen strains is more effective than theuse of asingle strain to control insect densities only when thepathogen strains differ considerably intheir transmission characteristics. By quantifying theeffects of ecology and evolution on population densities, we are able to offer recommendations to assess thelong-term effects of classical biocontrol.

中文翻译:

了解宿主-病原体相互作用的进化生态学可提供对害虫生物防治成果的深刻见解。

使用病毒病原体控制害虫昆虫的种群规模已经产生了成功和不成功的结果。在这里,我们调查这些生物防治的成功和失败是否可以通过宿主与病原体之间的关键生态和进化过程来解释。具体而言,我们研究了异质性病原体传播,生态和进化折衷以及病原体多样性如何影响昆虫种群密度并因此成功地进行了控制。我们首先回顾现有文献,然后使用数学模型的数值模拟来进一步探索这些过程。我们的结果表明,使用病毒控制昆虫密度在很大程度上取决于病毒在昆虫之间传播的异质性。总体,传播异质性的增加降低了病毒对昆虫密度的影响,并提高了昆虫种群的长期稳定性。当传播是可遗传的,并且平均传播与昆虫繁殖力之间存在折衷时,与非遗传来源产生传播的异质性相比,昆虫的平衡昆虫密度较低。因此,传播的异质性是调节昆虫及其病原体长期种群动态的关键参数。我们还表明,传播的异质性和生活史的权衡都可以调节人口动态的特征,如“繁荣-萧条”人口周期的频率和强度,此外,我们还表明,由于生活史的权衡会影响传播率,仅当病原体的传播特性差异很大时,使用多种病原体菌株比使用单一菌株控制昆虫密度更有效。通过量化生态和进化对人口密度的影响,我们能够提供建议,以评估经典生物防治的长期影响。
更新日期:2020-01-26
down
wechat
bug