So reads a T-shirt sold by the American Statistical Association. This pithy quip encapsulates a fundamental principle of science: Scientists rely on evidence rather than authority. Indeed, “doubt has been considered essential to science since long before the scientific method was established in the 17th century” (1). Scientists seek reasons for why something should be believed as true, and those reasons involve data, the methods used to collect those data, and the logic connecting those data to conclusions. All other things being equal, absent the opportunity to fully inspect the data, methods, and logical connections of a study, scientists are less able to judge the validity of conclusions or the truth of propositions drawn from a study. As many of us heard from our middle school mathematics teachers, it is important to “show all your work.” Generating and evaluating the scientific evidence to form conclusions about the truth of a proposition is fundamental to the work of science.

中文翻译：

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EPA提议的透明度规则：需要考虑的因素很多。行星生活，一个。

因此，阅读了美国统计协会出售的T恤。这个狡猾的玩笑概括了科学的基本原理：科学家依靠证据而不是权威。实际上，“自从17世纪确立科学方法之初，就已经将怀疑视为科学必不可少的东西”（1）。科学家们寻找了为什么某些东西应该被认为是真实的原因，这些原因包括数据，收集这些数据的方法以及将这些数据与结论联系起来的逻辑。在所有其他条件相同的情况下，如果没有机会全面检查研究的数据，方法和逻辑联系，科学家将无法判断结论的有效性或研究得出的命题的真实性。正如我们许多人从中学数学老师那里听到的那样，“展示您的所有作品”很重要。产生和评估科学证据以得出关于命题真相的结论是科学工作的基础。