Multimodal cancer therapy has become a new trend in clinical oncology due to potential generation of synergistic therapeutic effects. Herein, we propose a multifunctional nanoplatform comprising alginate hydrogel co-loaded with cisplatin and gold nanoparticles (abbreviated as ACA) for triple combination of photothermal therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (thermo-chemo-radio therapy). The therapeutic potential of ACA was assessed in combination with 532 nm laser and 6 MV X-ray against KB human mouth epidermal carcinoma cells. The results demonstrated that tri-modal thermo-chemo-radio therapy using ACA induced a superior anticancer efficacy than mono- or bi-modality treatments. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in KB cells treated with tri-modal therapy was increased by 4.4-fold compared to untreated cells. The gene expression analysis demonstrated the up-regulation of Bax pro-apoptotic factor (by 4.5-fold) and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic factor (by 0.3-fold). The massive cell injury and the appearance of morphological characteristics of apoptosis were also evident in the micrograph of KB cells caused by thermo-chemo-radio therapy. Therefore, ACA nanocomplex can be offered as a promising platform to combine photothermal therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thereby affording an opportunity for combating chemo- and radio-resistant tumors.

中文翻译：

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金纳米颗粒通过热化学放射疗法的共同提供促进了一种多模式协同癌症治疗策略。

由于潜在产生协同治疗作用，多模式癌症治疗已成为临床肿瘤学的新趋势。在本文中，我们提出了一种多功能海藻酸钠水凝胶，其中包含藻酸盐水凝胶，顺铂和金纳米颗粒（简称ACA），可用于光热疗法，化学疗法和放射疗法（热化学放射疗法）的三重组合。结合532 nm激光和6 MV X射线评估了ACA对KB人口表皮癌细胞的治疗潜力。结果表明，使用ACA的三峰热化学放射疗法比单峰或双峰疗法具有更高的抗癌效果。与未经处理的细胞相比，经三模式疗法处理的KB细胞的细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平提高了4.4倍。基因表达分析表明Bax促凋亡因子上调（4.5倍）和Bcl-2抗凋亡因子下调（0.3倍）。在热化学放射疗法引起的KB细胞的显微照片中，还可以看到大量的细胞损伤和凋亡的形态学特征的出现。因此，ACA纳米复合物可以作为将光热疗法，化学疗法和放射疗法相结合的有前途的平台，从而为对抗化学耐药和放射耐药的肿瘤提供机会。在热化学放射疗法引起的KB细胞的显微照片中，还可以看到大量的细胞损伤和凋亡的形态学特征的出现。因此，ACA纳米复合物可以作为将光热疗法，化学疗法和放射疗法相结合的有前途的平台，从而为对抗化学耐药和放射耐药的肿瘤提供机会。在热化学放射疗法引起的KB细胞的显微照片中，还可以看到大量的细胞损伤和凋亡的形态学特征的出现。因此，ACA纳米复合物可以作为将光热疗法，化学疗法和放射疗法相结合的有前途的平台，从而为对抗化学耐药和放射耐药的肿瘤提供机会。