Abstract Oily sludge is mainly engendered during crude oil exploitation, transportation and refining process. The effect of fly ash additive on the product distribution and property of oily sludge pyrolysis was studied by employing a fixed-bed reactor at 600 °C in this paper. The fly ash additives could enhance the yields of oil and gas from oily sludge pyrolysis. The highest pyrolysis oil and gas yields were achieved at 30.43 wt% and 11.56 wt% when the fly ash content is 50.0 wt%. The characteristic of the pyrolysis oil was determined by GC/MS and FTIR analysis. Hydrocarbon-type analysis showed that addition of fly ash to the oily sludge decreased the content of aromatic hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons (resins and heterocycles). The molecular weight of straight chain alkanes reduced with the increase of fly ash content (16.7–50.0 wt%). The lower heating value (LHV) of pyrolysis gas is in the range of 16.62–19.88 MJ/Nm3. The XRF results illustrated that pyrolysis char contains high concentrations of Fe, Ba, Si and Ca. The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, As and Hg) and the ecological risk related to the oily sludge and pyrolysis char were investigated by ICP. The results of this study showed that the potential ecological risk index values of oily sludge, fly ash and pyrolysis char without or with 50.0 wt% fly ash were 220.40, 246.99, 234.33 and 265.85, respectively. The heavy metals of oily sludge, fly ash and pyrolysis chars would be categorized as moderate risk.

中文翻译：

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含粉煤灰添加剂热解含油污泥过程中重金属产物性质及环境风险评价

摘要 含油污泥主要是在原油开采、运输和精炼过程中产生的。本文采用固定床反应器在 600 ℃下研究了粉煤灰添加剂对含油污泥热解产物分布和性质的影响。粉煤灰添加剂可以提高含油污泥热解的油气产率。当粉煤灰含量为 50.0 wt% 时，热解油气产率分别为 30.43 wt% 和 11.56 wt%。通过GC/MS和FTIR分析确定热解油的特性。烃类分析表明，向含油污泥中添加飞灰会降低芳烃和非烃（树脂和杂环）的含量。直链烷烃的分子量随着粉煤灰含量的增加（16.7-50.0 wt%）而降低。热解气的低热值 (LHV) 在 16.62–19.88 MJ/Nm3 范围内。XRF 结果表明热解炭含有高浓度的 Fe、Ba、Si 和 Ca。通过ICP研究了重金属（Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd、As和Hg）的分布以及与含油污泥和热解炭相关的生态风险。本研究结果表明，含或含 50.0 wt% 粉煤灰的含油污泥、粉煤灰和热解炭的潜在生态风险指数值分别为 220.40、246.99、234.33 和 265.85。含油污泥、飞灰和热解焦炭的重金属将被归类为中等风险。通过ICP研究了重金属（Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd、As和Hg）的分布以及与含油污泥和热解炭相关的生态风险。本研究结果表明，含或含 50.0 wt% 粉煤灰的含油污泥、粉煤灰和热解焦的潜在生态风险指数值分别为 220.40、246.99、234.33 和 265.85。含油污泥、飞灰和热解焦炭的重金属将被归类为中等风险。通过ICP研究了重金属（Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd、As和Hg）的分布以及与含油污泥和热解炭相关的生态风险。本研究结果表明，含或含 50.0 wt% 粉煤灰的含油污泥、粉煤灰和热解焦的潜在生态风险指数值分别为 220.40、246.99、234.33 和 265.85。含油污泥、飞灰和热解焦炭的重金属将被归类为中等风险。