This study investigates how wastewater containing 2 mg l-1 of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and 2 mg l-1 of diclofenac (DCF) affects the composition of bacterial communities present in the roots and rhizomes of Miscanthus × giganteus plants grown in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands. Bacterial communities in plant roots and rhizomes were identified in treated and control samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Moreover, bacterial endophytes were isolated in R2A and 1/10 869 media and screened for their ability to metabolize SMX and DCF in liquid medium by HPLC. Our results show significant changes in the abundance of main genera, namely Sphingobium and Streptomyces between control and treated plants. Around 70% of the strains isolated from exposed plants belonged to the phylum Actinobacteria and were classified as Streptomyces, Microbacterium, and Glycomyces. In non-exposed plants, Proteobacteria represented 43.5% to 63.6% of the total. We identified 17 strains able to remove SMX and DCF in vitro. From those, 76% were isolated from exposed plants. Classified mainly as Streptomyces, they showed the highest SMX (33%) and DCF (41%) removal efficiency. These isolates, alone or in combination, might be used as bio-inoculants in constructed wetlands to enhance the phytoremediation of SMX and DCF during wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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内生放线菌在暴露于双氯芬酸和磺胺甲恶唑的芒草（Miscanthus×giganteus）植物的根和根状茎中的富集。

这项研究调查了含有2 mg l-1的磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和2 mg l-1双氯芬酸（DCF）的废水如何影响以实验室规模建造的芒草（Miscanthus×giganteus）植物根和根茎中细菌群落的组成湿地。通过16S rRNA扩增子测序，在处理和对照样品中鉴定出了植物根和根茎中的细菌群落。此外，细菌内生菌在R2A和1/10 869培养基中分离，并通过HPLC筛选其在液体培养基中代谢SMX和DCF的能力。我们的结果表明，对照植物和处理植物之间主要属的丰富度，即鞘氨醇和链霉菌的丰度发生了显着变化。从裸露的植物中分离出的菌株中约有70％属于放线菌门，并被分为链霉菌，微细菌，和糖原。在未暴露的植物中，变形杆菌占总数的43.5％至63.6％。我们鉴定了17株能够在体外去除SMX和DCF的菌株。从这些植物中，有76％从裸露的植物中分离出来。主要分类为链霉菌，它们显示出最高的SMX（33％）和DCF（41％）去除效率。这些分离物，单独或组合使用，可以用作人工湿地中的生物接种剂，以增强废水处理过程中SMX和DCF的植物修复能力。