Abstract

Hybrid carbon dots/titanium dioxide (CDs/TiO₂) photoelectrodes for use in high-performance dye-sensitized photovoltaic solar cells were obtained by a facile one-step hydrothermal approach. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the as-obtained samples were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealing anatase crystal structure with individual spherical molded nanoparticles for both TiO₂ and the composite samples. The size of the nanoparticles ranged from 30 to 40 nm, being consistently decorated on the carbon dots. The CDs/TiO₂ samples exhibited enhanced surface area (112 m²/g) and pore size (30–35 nm) compared with bare TiO₂ (77 m²/g and 42–48 nm), which is invaluable for improving solar cell efficiency. The J–V characteristic illustrated that the CDs/TiO₂ photoanode resulted in high photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.5% compared with 7.8% when using bare TiO₂. These results suggest that incorporation of carbon dots enhanced the PCE of the cells using bare TiO₂. A mechanism for this improvement is also proposed in detail.

中文翻译：

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用于高效染料敏化太阳能电池的混合碳点/二氧化钛（CDs / TiO 2）光电极的设计与制造

摘要

通过简便的一步水热法获得了用于高性能染料敏化光伏太阳能电池的混合碳点/二氧化钛（CDs / TiO ₂）光电极。通过粉末X射线衍射分析，透射电子显微镜，拉曼光谱，紫外可见（UV-Vis）漫反射光谱和光致发光光谱分析了所获得样品的结构，形态和光学性质，揭示了锐钛矿型晶体具有用于TiO ₂和复合材料样品的单个球形模制纳米颗粒的结构。纳米颗粒的尺寸范围为30至40 nm，在碳点上一致地装饰。CDs / TiO ₂样品的表面积增加了（112 m与裸露的TiO ₂（77 m ² / g和42-48 nm）相比，孔径为（² / g）和孔径（30-35 nm），这对于提高太阳能电池效率是不可估量的。所述Ĵ - V特性示出了CDS /二氧化钛₂使用裸的TiO当光电阳极产生了具有7.8％的15.5％的高的光电转换效率（PCE）₂。这些结果表明，使用裸露的TiO ₂掺入碳点可增强细胞的PCE 。还详细提出了这种改进的机制。