BACKGROUND AND AIMS A previous randomized controlled trial demonstrated that phone and letter-based motivational interventions with high expenditure gamblers had significant short-term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This post-trial follow-up examined outcomes in gambling expenditure over 12 months. DESIGN Observational study following a three-arm randomized controlled trial. SETTING Customers of Norsk Tipping (NT) gambling platforms, Norway. PARTICIPANTS 1,003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age, and net losses. Mean age 53.4 years, 19% were women, mean yearly loss for 2016 was 88,197 NoK. Interventions and comparator Feedback intervention by telephone, letter, or a no-contact control condition. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss, derived from the Norsk Tipping customer database. Secondary outcomes were responsible gambling customer actions and whether the participant was retained as a NT customer. FINDINGS Per protocol analyses of triplets who received the phone call or letter as randomly assigned (n=596) showed a positive and sustained effect over 12 months: the telephone group showed a 30% reduction in theoretic loss (d=.44) and the letter group 13% (d=.18), both outperforming the control group with a 7% reduction (d=.11). The phone condition was superior to both the letter and control conditions in per protocol (p<.001) and to control condition in intention to treat analyses (ITT) (p<.001). Individuals in the phone condition took more responsible gambling actions. The letter condition had better outcomes than the control in the ITT only (p<.001). Over 93% were still customers a year after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Personal contact with high expenditure gambling customers in Norway that provided individualized feedback on expenditures was associated with reduced theoretical losses and greater use of responsible gambling tools over a 12-month period, compared with no contact. Telephone intervention with customers had a larger impact than a mailed letter.

中文翻译：

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接触大输家导致赌博持续减少一年多：一项简短的动机接触的随机对照试验

背景和目的 之前的一项随机对照试验表明，对高支出赌徒进行的基于电话和信件的激励干预对赌博和负责任赌博工具的使用具有显着的短期积极影响。这项试验后随访检查了 12 个月内赌博支出的结果。设计 三组随机对照试验后的观察性研究。设置 Norsk Tipping (NT) 赌博平台的客户，挪威。参与者 1,003 个来自前 0.5% 客户的统计三元组，基于年度支出，按性别、年龄和净损失进行匹配。平均年龄 53.4 岁，19% 是女性，2016 年的平均年损失为 88,197 挪威克朗。干预和比较器 通过电话、信件或非接触控制条件反馈干预。测量 主要结果测量是赌博理论损失，来自 Norsk Tipping 客户数据库。次要结果是负责任的赌博客户行为以及参与者是否被保留为 NT 客户。结果 根据随机分配的接到电话或信件的三胞胎 (n=596) 的每个协议分析显示了 12 个月的积极和持续影响：电话组的理论损失减少了 30% (d=.44) 和字母组 13% (d=.18)，均优于对照组，减少 7% (d=.11)。电话条件优于每个协议中的字母和对照条件 (p<.001) 和意向治疗分析 (ITT) 中的对照条件 (p<.001)。处于电话状态的个人采取了更负责任的赌博行为。仅在 ITT 中，字母条件比对照具有更好的结果（p <.001）。干预一年后，超过 93% 的人仍然是客户。结论 与没有接触相比，与挪威高支出赌博客户的个人接触提供了对支出的个性化反馈，在 12 个月内减少了理论上的损失，并更多地使用了负责任的赌博工具。与客户的电话干预比邮寄信件产生更大的影响。结论 与没有接触相比，与挪威高支出赌博客户的个人接触提供了对支出的个性化反馈，在 12 个月内减少了理论上的损失，并更多地使用了负责任的赌博工具。与客户的电话干预比邮寄信件产生更大的影响。结论 与没有接触相比，在 12 个月内，与挪威高支出赌博客户的个人接触提供了对支出的个性化反馈，与减少理论损失和更多地使用负责任的赌博工具有关。与客户的电话干预比邮寄信件产生更大的影响。