Objective: To investigate whether the effects of HD-tDCS and conventional tDCS of the right IFG are superior to the effects of sham stimulation for the improvement of working memory performance in ADHD. Methods: 15 ADHD patients between 10 and 16 years underwent three tDCS sessions in which conventional, HD and sham tDCS of the right IFG were applied. In all sessions a 2-back working memory task was solved and EEG was recorded. Baseline data were assessed from 15 age matched healthy controls. Results: In ADHD patients, increased positive values of P300 and N200 mean amplitudes were found after conventional and HD-tDCS. Thus, both components were more in resemblance to ERPs in healthy controls. Behavioral performance was not generally influenced by tDCS but effects of HD-tDCS depended on individual hyperactive/impulsive symptom load. The rate of responders for HD-tDCS was equivalent to the responder rate for conventional tDCS. Conclusions: ERP data indicate that HD-tDCS is equally suitable as conventional tDCS for the recruitment of the right IFG in the context of working memory processing. Significance: HD-tDCS of the right IFG is a promising approach for neuromodulation in ADHD but further research is necessary to develop adaptations that produce reliable behavioral benefits.

中文翻译：

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多动症儿童青少年右侧额下回常规与HD-tDCS的比较

目的：研究右侧IFG的HD-tDCS和常规tDCS在改善ADHD工作记忆能力方面的效果是否优于假刺激的效果。方法：15 名 10 至 16 岁的 ADHD 患者接受了三个 tDCS 疗程，其中应用了右侧 IFG 的常规、HD 和假 tDCS。在所有会话中，都解决了 2-back 工作记忆任务并记录了 EEG。从 15 名年龄匹配的健康对照评估基线数据。结果：在 ADHD 患者中，在常规和 HD-tDCS 后发现 P300 和 N200 平均振幅的正值增加。因此，这两个组成部分更类似于健康对照中的 ERP。行为表现通常不受 tDCS 的影响，但 HD-tDCS 的影响取决于个体多动/冲动症状负荷。HD-tDCS 的应答率相当于传统 tDCS 的应答率。结论：ERP 数据表明 HD-tDCS 与传统 tDCS 同样适用于在工作记忆处理的背景下招募正确的 IFG。意义：正确 IFG 的 HD-tDCS 是 ADHD 神经调节的一种很有前途的方法，但需要进一步研究以开发产生可靠行为益处的适应性。