In this study, carbon spheres (CS) with ideal particle sizes (∼700 nm) and regular morphology were prepared by extending the Stöber method followed byoxidative modification of nitric acid to obtain carbon spheres (MCS) with abundant carboxyl and nitryl functional groups. Characterisation by SEM, BET, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, and elemental analysis confirmed that these materials possessed regular morphology, large specific surface area (636 m²/g for CS and 339 m²/g for MCS), a good degree of graphitisation and many carboxyl groups. Because of abundant functional groups, MCS showed excellent adsorption properties for cationic targets (paraquat (PQ), chrysoidine G (CG) and malachite green (MG)), where the maximum adsorption capacities for PQ, CG and MG were 134.63, 299.44 and 326.93 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the linearity of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models and the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion kinetics models, the adsorption models for PQ, CG and MG were best represented by the Temkin, Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherms, respectively, and the adsorption kinetics all fitted well with the Elovich model. Moreover, the good regeneration demonstrated in this study (the adsorption capacity remained at more than 80% after five cycles) makes MCS an outstanding candidate for water purification.

在这项研究中，通过扩展Stöber方法，然后对硝酸进行氧化修饰，以获得具有丰富的羧基和硝酰基官能团的碳球（MCS），制备出具有理想粒径（〜700 nm）和规则形态的碳球（CS）。通过SEM，BET，XRD，拉曼光谱，FTIR，XPS和元素分析进行​​表征，证实这些材料具有规则的形貌，大的比表面积（CS为636 m ² / g，339 m ²为比重）/ g（对于MCS），良好的石墨化程度和许多羧基。由于具有丰富的官能团，MCS对阳离子目标物（百草枯（PQ），绿豆杉碱G（CG）和孔雀绿（MG））表现出优异的吸附性能，其中PQ，CG和MG的最大吸附能力为134.63、299.44和326.93分别为mg / g。与Langmuir，Freundlich，Temkin和Dubinin-Radushkevich等温线模型以及拟一阶，拟二阶，Elovich和粒子内扩散动力学模型的线性相比，PQ，CG和MG的吸附模型最佳分别由Temkin，Langmuir和Freundlich等温线表示，吸附动力学都与Elovich模型完全吻合。此外，