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Mixed-effects generalized height–diameter model for young silver birch stands on post-agricultural lands
Forest Ecology and Management ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117901
Karol Bronisz , Lauri Mehtätalo

Abstract The purpose of creating regression equations is often to predict unmeasured features based upon more easily obtainable ones. Species-specific height–diameter (H–D) models of trees are an example of this situation and can be defined as either simple or generalized. Simple H–D models express height as a function of tree diameter at the breast height. They are easily applicable without additional measurement but do not take properly into account the variability in H-D relationship between stands. Meanwhile, generalized models also include stand-level predictors. The H-D data sets are often characterized by a grouped structure. The mixed-effects modeling approach is a mainstream method employed for these types of forestry data. In this study, we created a mixed-effects generalized H–D model for young silver birch stands on post-agricultural lands in central Poland. This model was chosen from among 11 simple nonlinear models based on the goodness of fit and residual behavior. We accounted for two stand-level predictors that did not require additional measurements beyond tree diameter at the breast height: quadratic mean diameter at the breast height and basal area. Fixed- and random-effect predictions were then calculated to illustrate that increases in the number of measured trees improves height predictions. Moreover, the gain in predictive power is the largest if extreme trees (i.e., from the extrema of the diameter range) are used for random-effect prediction.

中文翻译:

后农田幼龄白桦林混合效应广义高度-直径模型

摘要 创建回归方程的目的通常是基于更容易获得的特征来预测未测量的特征。树种特定的高度-直径 (H-D) 模型就是这种情况的一个例子,可以定义为简单的或广义的。简单的 H-D 模型将高度表示为胸高处树木直径的函数。它们无需额外测量即可轻松应用,但没有正确考虑支架之间 HD 关系的可变性。同时,广义模型还包括站级预测器。HD 数据集通常以分组结构为特征。混合效应建模方法是用于此类林业数据的主流方法。在这项研究中,我们为波兰中部后农业土地上的年轻白桦林创建了一个混合效应广义 H-D 模型。该模型是根据拟合优度和残差行为从 11 个简单非线性模型中选择的。我们考虑了两个不需要额外测量胸高树木直径的林分水平预测因子:胸高和基底面积的二次平均直径。然后计算固定和随机效应预测,以说明测量树木数量的增加改善了高度预测。此外,如果将极端树(即,来自直径范围的极值)用于随机效应预测,则预测能力的增益是最大的。该模型是根据拟合优度和残差行为从 11 个简单非线性模型中选择的。我们考虑了两个不需要额外测量胸高树木直径的林分水平预测因子:胸高和基底面积的二次平均直径。然后计算固定和随机效应预测,以说明测量树木数量的增加改善了高度预测。此外,如果将极端树(即,来自直径范围的极值)用于随机效应预测,则预测能力的增益是最大的。该模型是根据拟合优度和残差行为从 11 个简单非线性模型中选择的。我们考虑了两个不需要额外测量胸高树木直径的林分水平预测因子:胸高和基底面积的二次平均直径。然后计算固定和随机效应预测,以说明测量树木数量的增加改善了高度预测。此外,如果将极端树(即,来自直径范围的极值)用于随机效应预测,则预测能力的增益是最大的。然后计算固定和随机效应预测,以说明测量树木数量的增加改善了高度预测。此外,如果将极端树(即,来自直径范围的极值)用于随机效应预测,则预测能力的增益是最大的。然后计算固定和随机效应预测,以说明测量树木数量的增加改善了高度预测。此外,如果将极端树(即,来自直径范围的极值)用于随机效应预测,则预测能力的增益是最大的。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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