Changes to neonatal nutrition result in long-lasting impairments in energy balance, which may be described as metabolic programing. Astrocytes, which are interconnected by gap junctions, have emerged as important players in the hypothalamic control of food intake. In order to study the effects of nutritional programming on glial morphology and protein expression, cross-fostered male Wistar rats at postnatal day 3 were assigned to three groups based on litter size: small litter (3 pups per dam, SL), normal litter (10 pups per dam, NL), and large litter (16 pups per dam, LL). Rats from the SL group exhibited higher body weight throughout the study and hyperphagia after weaning. LL animals exhibited hyperphagia, high energy efficiency and catch-up of body weight after weaning. Both the SL and LL groups at postnatal day 60 (PN60) exhibited increased levels of plasma leptin, the Lee index (as an index of obesity), adiposity content, immunoreactivity toward T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Astrocyte morphology was altered in the ARC of SL and LL animals, and this effect occurred in parallel with a reduction in immunoreactivity toward connexin 30 (CX30). The data obtained demonstrate that both neonatal over- and underfeeding promote not only alterations in the metabolic status but also morphological changes in glial cells in parallel with increasing TCPTP and changes in connexin expression.

中文翻译：

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新生儿营养程序设计可诱发胶质细胞增生，并改变雄性大鼠中T细胞蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶和连接蛋白的表达。

新生儿营养的变化会导致能量平衡的长期损害，这可能被称为代谢程序。通过间隙连接相互连接的星形胶质细胞已成为下丘脑控制摄食的重要角色。为了研究营养程序设计对神经胶质形态和蛋白质表达的影响，根据产仔数将出生后第3天交叉饲养的雄性Wistar大鼠分为三组：小产仔（每只大坝3只幼崽），正常产仔（每个大坝10个幼崽，荷兰）和大垃圾（每个大坝16个幼崽，LL）。在整个研究中，SL组的大鼠表现出较高的体重，断奶后食欲亢进。LL动物断奶后表现出食欲亢进，高能量效率和体重追赶。出生后第60天（PN60）的SL和LL组均显示血浆瘦素，Lee指数（作为肥胖指数），肥胖含量，对T细胞蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（TCPTP）的免疫反应性和神经胶质纤维酸性增加下丘脑弓状核（ARC）中的蛋白（GFAP）。在SL和LL动物的ARC中，星形胶质细胞的形态发生了变化，这种作用与对连接蛋白30（CX30）的免疫反应性降低同时发生。所获得的数据表明，新生儿过量喂养和营养不足不仅会促进代谢状态的改变，而且还会促进胶质细胞形态的变化，同时增加TCPTP和连接蛋白表达的变化。下丘脑弓状核（ARC）对T细胞蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（TCPTP）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的免疫反应性。在SL和LL动物的ARC中，星形胶质细胞的形态发生了变化，这种作用与对连接蛋白30（CX30）的免疫反应性降低同时发生。所获得的数据表明，新生儿过量喂养和营养不足不仅会促进代谢状态的改变，而且还会促进胶质细胞形态的变化，同时增加TCPTP和连接蛋白表达的变化。下丘脑弓状核（ARC）对T细胞蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（TCPTP）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的免疫反应性。在SL和LL动物的ARC中，星形胶质细胞的形态发生了变化，这种作用与对连接蛋白30（CX30）的免疫反应性降低同时发生。所获得的数据表明，新生儿过量喂养和营养不足不仅会促进代谢状态的改变，而且还会促进胶质细胞形态的变化，同时增加TCPTP和连接蛋白表达的变化。