In recent years, landscapes in many countries have been transformed by efforts to fight global warming, specifically the shift towards renewable energies such as wind power. This development has been met by growing opposition from local citizens and their initiatives. There is an ongoing debate about whether and how such protests have a real impact on the development of energy landscapes. Drawing on the rare case of a state government scaling back ambitious targets for the expansion of renewables, the authors were able to analyse the impact of protests in the context of regional spatial planning and, particularly, state policy-making on energy. Conceptually drawing on the Advocacy Coalition Framework and using the method of causal-process tracing, the qualitative study investigates related interactions and decision-making processes in the federal state of Saxony, Germany, between 2011—when targets were increased—and 2013—when targets were scaled back. The findings show that the protests grew significantly when the raised expansion targets for renewables were translated into a higher number of potential wind farm sites. The protests, which primarily referred to landscapes, were well-organised and creative. Activists worked through a range of channels across various contexts and several levels of the politico-administrative system, in particular approaching regional spatial planners and a wide range of politicians. In the end, the protests (along with other factors) significantly contributed to the readjustment by the Saxon coalition government of its energy and climate policy and thus to a slowdown of energy-related landscape change. The study confirms that the influence of protesters can greatly exceed the previously studied participation in the planning of sites and the approval process for individual wind farms. Also highlighting other relevant co-influential factors, the paper contributes to the development of a middle-range theory of the impact of local opposition to wind power in the context of energy landscapes.

中文翻译：

---

能源格局的政治：德国萨克森州地方抗风举措对国家政策的影响

近年来，许多国家的景观因抗击全球变暖的努力而发生了变化，尤其是向风能等可再生能源的转变。地方公民及其倡议的反对日益加剧，满足了这一发展。关于此类抗议是否以及如何对能源景观的发展产生真正影响，目前正在进行辩论。利用罕见的州政府缩减雄心勃勃的可再生能源扩张目标的方法，作者们能够分析抗议活动在区域空间规划，尤其是国家能源政策制定方面的影响。从概念上借鉴倡导联盟框架，并使用因果过程跟踪方法，该定性研究调查了2011年（目标增加时）和2013年（目标减少时）之间德国联邦萨克森州的相关互动和决策过程。调查结果表明，将提高的可再生能源扩展目标转化为更多潜在的风电场地点后，抗议活动显着增加。抗议活动主要是针对风景，组织得井井有条，富有创造力。活动家通过各种渠道，跨越各种背景和政治行政体系的各个层面进行工作，特别是与区域空间规划师和众多政治家接洽。到底，抗议活动（以及其他因素）极大地促进了撒克逊联盟政府对其能源和气候政策的调整，从而减缓了与能源有关的景观变化。该研究证实，抗议者的影响力可以大大超过先前研究的参与地点规划和单个风电场的审批程序。本文还着重强调了其他相关的共同影响因素，为中型理论的发展做出了贡献，该理论是在能源格局的背景下，当地反对风能的影响。