Utilization of biomass energy from various agricultural wastes for local usages and its removal through open burning potentially increase emission of Green House Gases (GHGs), deteriorate air-quality, formation of tropospheric ozone and create trans-boundary health hazards in countries of South East Asia. The effect of common agro-waste management practices in soil quality and agricultural production system over this part of the world is not well documented. In the present three-years long study, spanning over two entirely different agro-ecological zones of India and Bhutan, highlights the impacts of the burning of agricultural waste in soil physio-chemical properties, biological properties and crop production. The current study also focuses on the alternative usage of crop residue to enhance soil organic carbon, soil moisture, soil nutrients and soil biological activity through the application of biochar and raw agricultural waste generated from the field. It was observed that crop residue used as raw mulch and biochar improved the agricultural production up to 36%-64% over the experimental fields of India and Bhutan. The results from the study disseminated among the local farmers and technological support were provided for practicing alternative crop residue management. Nearly 1450-1500 farmers in India and 100-125 farmers in Bhutan have adopted the agro-waste management practices of removal and re-application of agro-wastes in the field. A total of ~26000 t of CO2 emission has been reduced in two intervention sites during the study period. The present action-research helps to propose future guidelines for environmental friendly crop residue utilization and management and simultaneously help to improve agricultural yield along with soil quality.

中文翻译：

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气候适应性作物残留管理，以改善土壤功能；来自南亚两个农业生态区的田间干预的建议。

将各种农业废弃物中的生物质能用于当地用途，并通过露天燃烧将其去除，这可能会增加温室气体的排放，恶化空气质量，形成对流层臭氧并在东南亚国家造成跨界健康危害。在世界这部分地区，常见的农业废物管理实践对土壤质量和农业生产系统的影响尚未得到充分记录。在目前的为期三年的长期研究中，涵盖了印度和不丹的两个完全不同的农业生态区，突出了农业废弃物燃烧对土壤理化特性，生物学特性和农作物生产的影响。当前的研究还集中在替代作物残渣以提高土壤有机碳，土壤湿度，通过施用生物炭和田间产生的原始农业废料来提高土壤养分和土壤生物活性。据观察，用作印度农作物秸秆和生物炭的农作物残渣在印度和不丹的试验田中将农业产量提高了36％-64％。该研究的结果在当地农民中传播，并为实施替代性作物残留管理提供了技术支持。印度有将近1450-1500的农民和不丹的100-125的农民采用了农业废弃物管理方法，以去除和再利用田间的农业废弃物。在研究期间，两个干预点共减少了约26000吨的二氧化碳排放。