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Viewing Nuclear Architecture through the Eyes of Nocturnal Mammals.
Trends in Cell Biology ( IF 19.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.12.008
Yana Feodorova 1 , Martin Falk 2 , Leonid A Mirny 3 , Irina Solovei 4
Affiliation  

The cell nucleus is a remarkably well-organized organelle with membraneless but distinct compartments of various functions. The largest of them, euchromatin and heterochromatin, are spatially segregated in such a way that the transcriptionally active genome occupies the nuclear interior, whereas silent genomic loci are preferentially associated with the nuclear envelope. This rule is broken by rod photoreceptor cells of nocturnal mammals, in which the two major compartments have inverted positions. The inversion and dense compaction of heterochromatin converts these nuclei into microlenses that focus light and facilitate nocturnal vision. As is often the case in biology, when a mutation helps to understand normal processes and structures, inverted nuclei have served as a tool to unravel general principles of nuclear organization, including mechanisms of heterochromatin tethering to the nuclear envelope, autonomous behavior of small genomic segments, and euchromatin-heterochromatin segregation.

中文翻译:

从夜间哺乳动物的眼睛看核建筑。

细胞核是组织良好的细胞器,具有无膜但不同功能的区室。其中最大的常染色质和异染色质在空间上分离,使得转录活性基因组占据核内部,而沉默基因组位点则优先与核膜结合。夜间哺乳动物的杆状感光细胞打破了这一规则,在该细胞中,两个主要部分的位置是倒置的。异染色质的倒置和紧密压实将这些核转换成聚焦光并促进夜间视力的微透镜。在生物学中通常如此,当突变有助于理解正常的过程和结构时,倒核已成为阐明核组织一般原理的工具,
更新日期:2020-01-22
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