Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known for endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) and is one of the highest amounts of chemicals produced worldwide. Some countries restrict the use of BPA, which is widely used in the production of a variety products. Considering the toxicity and limitations on use of BPA, efforts are needed to find safer alternatives. Increasingly, bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are alternatives of BPA, which is increasing their exposure levels in various environments. There are many ways to assess whether a chemical is an EDC. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. Interestingly, a mixture of the BPs had ER and anti-AR activity at lower concentrations than BPs alone. The activation of AhR was not a concentration-dependent effect of BPs, although it was increased significantly. In conclusion, BPs have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities, and the effect of exposure to a BPs mixture differs from that of BPs alone.

双酚A（BPA）以破坏内分泌的化学物质（EDC）闻名，是全球生产量最高的化学物质之一。一些国家限制使用BPA，BPA被广泛用于生产各种产品。考虑到BPA的毒性和局限性，需要努力寻找更安全的替代品。双酚F（BPF）和双酚S（BPS）越来越多地成为BPA的替代品，这正在增加它们在各种环境中的暴露水平。有许多方法可以评估化学品是否为EDC。在这里，我们通过研究双酚与雌激素（ER），雄激素（AR）和芳烃（AhR）受体的激动剂和拮抗剂活性，评估了双酚的内分泌干扰风险。我们的结果表明，BPA，BPS，和BPF（BPs）具有雌激素激动剂和雄激素拮抗剂活性，并降低ERα蛋白水平。有趣的是，BP的混合物在比单独的BP更低的浓度下具有ER和抗AR活性。尽管AhR的激活显着增加，但它不是BP的浓度依赖性作用。总之，BP具有雌激素激动剂和雄激素拮抗剂活性，暴露于BPs混合物中的效果不同于单独使用BPs的效果。