Productivity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is markedly reduced by salt stress. This study is based on analysis of proteins profile of safflower plants treated with 200 mM NaCl, with exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) and penconazole (PEN), as growth regulators. Plants were investigated through a gel-based proteomic approach, which resulted in the identification of 17 salt-responsive proteins related to different metabolic modifications. Of these, seven different proteins were up or down regulated by both SA and PEN, suggesting the synergistic and antagonistic effects of SA and PEN. The classification of differentially expressed proteins showed that salt-responsive proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and oxidative stress response, as well as nitrogen, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. The identified stress-responsive proteins in this study could pave the way to develop salt tolerance in safflower, thus sustaining its productivity under salinity. In addition, SA and PEN may be considered as a foliar application to ameliorate salinity effects, due to their low price and availability.

中文翻译：

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差异蛋白质组学：生长调节剂对红花幼苗盐胁迫反应的影响

盐胁迫显着降低红花 (Carthamus tinctorius L.) 的生产力。本研究基于对用 200 mM NaCl 处理的红花植物的蛋白质谱分析，外源应用水杨酸 (SA) 和戊菌唑 (PEN) 作为生长调节剂。通过基于凝胶的蛋白质组学方法对植物进行了研究，从而鉴定了 17 种与不同代谢修饰相关的盐响应蛋白。其中，七种不同的蛋白质被 SA 和 PEN 上调或下调，表明 SA 和 PEN 的协同和拮抗作用。差异表达蛋白的分类表明，盐响应蛋白主要参与光合作用、离子稳态和氧化应激反应，以及氮、蛋白质和碳水化合物的代谢。本研究中鉴定出的应激反应蛋白可以为红花培养耐盐性铺平道路，从而在盐度下维持其生产力。此外，由于 SA 和 PEN 价格低廉且易于获得，它们可以被视为叶面喷施以改善盐度效应。