BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effects of the new Nutrition Facts label (NFL) compared with the current NFL on consumer purchase intentions and understanding of added sugars, and differences by educational attainment. DESIGN Randomized controlled online experiment. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Final study sample of 1,156 US adults, oversampling participants with low education. INTERVENTION All participants were exposed to a control condition (images of bread, 100% juice, yogurt, and canned fruit with no NFL) and then randomized to one of two label conditions: the current NFL with information on total sugars only or the new NFL with information on added sugars. Participants responded to the same set of questions in the control and the label conditions while viewing products that displayed one of the two NFLs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in scores averaged across all products for understanding of added sugars (proportion of correctly answered multiple-choice questions) and purchase intentions (5-point Likert scale ranging from extremely likely to extremely unlikely). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED One-way analysis of variance was used to test for differences between NFLs. RESULTS Compared with the current NFL, participants in the new NFL arm had better understanding of added sugars content (P<0.01). Although no significant differences were seen for purchase intentions overall, there were differences for individual products. Participants in the new NFL arm were more likely to purchase the juice (P<0.01) and less likely to buy the bread (P<0.01) compared with participants in the current NFL arm. There were no differences by educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Participants were better able to locate and extract added sugars information when viewing the new NFL compared with the current NFL. The new NFL may increase intent to purchase products low in added sugars but high in refined carbohydrates-an unintended consequence that warrants further study.

中文翻译：

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美国新营养成分标签对消费者对添加糖的认知和理解的影响：随机对照实验

背景和目标 本研究评估了新营养成分标签 (NFL) 与当前 NFL 相比对消费者购买意愿和对添加糖的理解以及受教育程度差异的影响。设计 随机对照在线实验。参与者/设置 1,156 名美国成年人的最终研究样本，对受教育程度低的参与者进行过抽样。干预 所有参与者都暴露于控制条件（面包、100% 果汁、酸奶和没有 NFL 的罐头水果的图像），然后随机分配到两个标签条件之一：当前的 NFL 仅提供总糖信息或新的 NFL提供有关添加糖的信息。参与者在查看显示两个 NFL 之一的产品时，在控制和标签条件中回答了相同的一组问题。主要结果测量 所有产品在理解添加糖（正确回答多项选择题的比例）和购买意向（从极有可能到极不可能的李克特 5 点量表）的平均得分差异。执行的统计分析 单向方差分析用于测试 NFL 之间的差异。结果 与目前的 NFL 相比，新 NFL 组的参与者对添加糖的含量有更好的了解（P<0.01）。虽然整体购买意向没有显着差异，但个别产品存在差异。与当前 NFL 组的参与者相比，新 NFL 组的参与者更有可能购买果汁 (P<0.01)，而不太可能购买面包 (P<0.01)。受教育程度没有差异。结论 与当前的 NFL 相比，参与者在观看新的 NFL 时能够更好地定位和提取添加的糖信息。新的 NFL 可能会增加购买添加糖含量低但精制碳水化合物含量高的产品的意愿——这种意外后果值得进一步研究。