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Comparison between the use of Co3O4 or CoO on microstructure and electrical properties in a varistor system based on SnO2
Journal of Alloys and Compounds ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153952
Martin I. Miranda-López , E.A. Padilla-Zarate , M.B. Hernández , L.A. Falcón-Franco , S. García-Villarreal , L.V. García-Quiñonez , Patricia Zambrano-Robledo , A. Toxqui-Terán , J.A. Aguilar-Martínez

Abstract This comparative study pursues to clarify the differences between the addition of CoO or Co3O4 as a dopant on the non-linear electrical behavior and microstructure characteristics of a varistor system based on SnO2. The samples were fabricated according to the conventional ceramic processing using the nominal composition: (99.99-X)%SnO2 – 0.05%Cr2O3 – 0.05%Sb2O5 – X%CoO/Co3O4 where X = 0, 1, 3 and 5 mol%. The TGA-DTA analysis revealed essential differences in the thermal stability of CoO and Co3O4 during the sintering process, being CoO the oxide that induced the most visible changes. SEM micrographs, supported by EDS and XRD, showed remarkable grain growth even with a slight addition of cobalt oxide in comparison with the reference sample. The use of CoO holds the average grain size (6.7 μm), composition (SnO2), and shape homogeneity. In the case of Co3O4, a decreasing tendency in the average grain size and an increase in the residual porosity due to the in-situ formation of Co2SnO4 phase is observed. The electrical analysis revealed similarities on the alpha value for all molar percentages of both cobalt oxides: ∼9.6 and ∼8.1 units for CoO and Co3O4, respectively. In contrast, the breakdown electrical field shows notable differences: 1.08–1.16 kV cm−1 for CoO and 1.08–2.46 kV cm−1 for Co3O4. The evidence of this study confirms previous findings and suggests the existence of an essential role for the phase transitions of cobalt oxide on the final performance of SnO2-based varistors.

中文翻译:

在基于 SnO2 的压敏电阻系统中使用 Co3O4 或 CoO 对微观结构和电性能的比较

摘要 本对比研究旨在阐明添加 CoO 或 Co3O4 作为掺杂剂对基于 SnO2 的压敏电阻系统的非线性电学行为和微观结构特征的差异。样品是根据常规陶瓷加工制造的,使用标称成分:(99.99-X)%SnO2 – 0.05% Cr2O3 – 0.05%Sb2O5 – X%CoO/Co3O4,其中 X = 0、1、3 和 5 mol%。TGA-DTA 分析揭示了在烧结过程中 CoO 和 Co3O4 的热稳定性的本质差异,CoO 是引起最明显变化的氧化物。由 EDS 和 XRD 支持的 SEM 显微照片显示,与参考样品相比,即使添加少量氧化钴,晶粒也显着生长。CoO 的使用可保持平均晶粒尺寸 (6.7 μm)、成分 (SnO2) 和形状均匀性。在 Co3O4 的情况下,由于 Co2SnO4 相的原位形成,观察到平均晶粒尺寸减小和残余孔隙率增加的趋势。电学分析揭示了两种钴氧化物所有摩尔百分比的 α 值的相似性:CoO 和 Co3O4 分别为~9.6 和~8.1 个单位。相比之下,击穿电场显示出显着差异:CoO 为 1.08-1.16 kV cm-1,Co3O4 为 1.08-2.46 kV cm-1。这项研究的证据证实了之前的发现,并表明氧化钴的相变对基于 SnO2 的压敏电阻的最终性能具有重要作用。电学分析揭示了两种钴氧化物所有摩尔百分比的 α 值的相似性:CoO 和 Co3O4 分别为~9.6 和~8.1 个单位。相比之下,击穿电场显示出显着差异:CoO 为 1.08-1.16 kV cm-1,Co3O4 为 1.08-2.46 kV cm-1。这项研究的证据证实了之前的发现,并表明氧化钴的相变对基于 SnO2 的压敏电阻的最终性能具有重要作用。电学分析揭示了两种钴氧化物所有摩尔百分比的 α 值的相似性:CoO 和 Co3O4 分别为~9.6 和~8.1 个单位。相比之下,击穿电场显示出显着差异:CoO 为 1.08-1.16 kV cm-1,Co3O4 为 1.08-2.46 kV cm-1。这项研究的证据证实了之前的发现,并表明氧化钴的相变对基于 SnO2 的压敏电阻的最终性能具有重要作用。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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