Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive neurocognitive clinical syndrome that is caused by a decrease in cerebral blood flow and damage to the neurovascular unit. Given increasing life expectancy, VaD is emerging as one of the leading health problems in society. Despite the high global prevalence of cognitive impairment associated with VaD, diagnosis and treatment still remain limited because of the complexity of mechanisms of neuronal loss. Therefore, advances in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiology, current pharmacology-based primary and secondary prevention strategies and emerging treatment options for VaD.

中文翻译：

---

基于病理生理学的神经保护药物治疗血管性痴呆的现状和前景。

血管性痴呆（VaD）是一种进行性神经认知临床综合征，由脑血流量减少和对神经血管单位的损害引起。随着预期寿命的增加，VaD逐渐成为社会上主要的健康问题之一。尽管与VaD相关的认知障碍的全球患病率很高，但由于神经元丢失机制的复杂性，诊断和治疗仍然受到限制。因此，对我们所涉及的病理生理机制的了解的进步对于开发新的治疗策略至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了VaD的病理生理学，当前基于药理学的一级和二级预防策略以及新兴的治疗选择。