This review gives an update on virtual Compton scattering (VCS) off the nucleon, γ∗N → Nγ, in the low-energy regime. We recall the theoretical formalism related to the generalized polarizabilities (GPs) and model predictions for these observables. We present the GP extraction methods that are used in the experiments: the approach based on the low-energy theorem for VCS and the formalism of Dispersion Relations. We then review the experimental results, with a focus on the progress brought by recent experimental data on proton generalized polarizabilities, and we conclude by some perspectives in the field of VCS at low energy.

中文翻译：

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虚拟康普顿散射和核子广义极化率

这篇综述提供了低能状态下核子 γ∗N → Nγ 的虚拟康普顿散射 (VCS) 的更新。我们回顾了与广义极化率 (GP) 相关的理论形式主义和这些可观察量的模型预测。我们介绍了实验中使用的 GP 提取方法：基于 VCS 的低能量定理和色散关系形式的方法。然后我们回顾了实验结果，重点关注最近质子广义极化率实验数据带来的进展，并总结了低能量 VCS 领域的一些观点。