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Changing contribution of smoking to the sex differences in life expectancy in Europe, 1950-2014.
European Journal of Epidemiology ( IF 13.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00602-x
Fanny Janssen 1, 2
Affiliation  

This article provides a detailed and overarching illustration of the contribution of smoking to sex differences in life expectancy at birth (e0) in Europe, focusing on changes over time and differences between both European countries and European regions. For this purpose, the sex difference in e0 for 31 European countries over the 1950–2014 period was decomposed into a smoking- and a non-smoking-related part, using all-cause mortality data and indirectly estimated smoking-attributable mortality rates by age and sex, and a formal decomposition analysis. It was found that smoking-attributable mortality contributed, on average, 3 years (43.5%) to the 7-year life expectancy difference between women and men in 2014. This contribution, was largest in 1995, at 5.2 out of 9.0 years, and subsequently declined in parallel with the average sex difference in life expectancy. The average contribution of smoking-attributable mortality was especially large in North-Western Europe around 1975; in Southern Europe around 1985; and in Eastern Europe around 1990–1995, when smoking-attributable mortality reached maximum levels among men, but was still low among women. The observed parallel decline from 1995 onwards in the sex differences in e0 and the absolute contribution of smoking to this sex difference suggests that this recent decline in the sex difference in e0 can be almost fully explained by historical changes in sex differences in smoking, and, consequently, smoking-attributable mortality. In line with the progression of the smoking epidemic, the sex differences in life expectancy in Europe are expected to further decline in the future.



中文翻译:

1950-2014年,吸烟对欧洲预期寿命性别差异的贡献不断变化。

本文详细介绍了吸烟对欧洲出生时预期寿命性别差异的贡献(e0),重点是随时间的变化以及欧洲国家和欧洲地区之间的差异。为此,使用全因死亡率数据和按年龄间接估算的归因于吸烟的死亡率,将1950-2014年间31个欧洲国家的e0性别差异分解为吸烟和非吸烟相关部分。和性别,并进行正式分解分析。研究发现,2014年男女归因于吸烟的死亡率平均造成3年(43.5%)的7年预期寿命差异。这一贡献在1995年最大,为9.0年中的5.2年,随后随着预期寿命的平均性别差异下降。1975年左右,在西北欧,吸烟可归因的死亡率的平均贡献特别大。1985年左右在南欧;在1990-1995年左右的东欧,吸烟引起的死亡率在男性中达到最高水平,但在女性中仍然很低。从1995年开始,观察到e0性别差异的平行下降以及吸烟对该性别差异的绝对贡献表明,e0性别差异的这种近期下降几乎可以完全由吸烟性别差异的历史变化来解释,并且,因此,归因于吸烟的死亡率。随着吸烟流行的发展,

更新日期:2020-01-22
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