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A meta‐analysis reveals temperature, dose, life stage, and taxonomy influence host susceptibility to a fungal parasite
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2979
Erin L Sauer 1, 2 , Jeremy M Cohen 1, 2 , Marc J Lajeunesse 1 , Taegan A McMahon 3 , David J Civitello 4 , Sarah A Knutie 5 , Karena Nguyen 1 , Elizabeth A Roznik 6 , Brittany F Sears 7 , Scott Bessler 1 , Bryan K Delius 1 , Neal Halstead 8 , Nicole Ortega 1 , Matthew D Venesky 9 , Suzanne Young 10 , Jason R Rohr 1, 11
Affiliation  

Complex ecological relationships, such as host-parasite interactions, are often modeled with laboratory experiments. However, some experimental laboratory conditions, such as temperature or infection dose, are regularly chosen based on convenience or convention and it is unclear how these decisions systematically affect experimental outcomes. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 58 laboratory studies that exposed amphibians to the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) to better understand how laboratory temperature, host life stage, infection dose, and host species affect host mortality. We found that host mortality was driven by thermal mismatches: hosts native to cooler environments experienced greater Bd-induced mortality at relatively warm experimental temperatures and vice versa. We also found that Bd dose positively predicted Bd-induced host mortality and that the superfamilies Bufonoidea and Hyloidea were especially susceptible to Bd. Finally, the effect of Bd on host mortality varied across host life stages, with larval amphibians experiencing lower risk of Bd-induced mortality than adults or metamorphs. Metamorphs were especially susceptible and experienced mortality when inoculated with much smaller Bd doses than the average dose used by researchers. Our results suggest that when designing experiments on species interactions, researchers should carefully consider the experimental temperature, inoculum dose, and life stage and taxonomy of the host species.

中文翻译:

荟萃分析揭示温度、剂量、生命阶段和分类学影响宿主对真菌寄生虫的易感性

复杂的生态关系,例如宿主-寄生虫相互作用,通常用实验室实验建模。然而,一些实验实验室条件,如温度或感染剂量,是根据方便或惯例定期选择的,目前尚不清楚这些决定如何系统地影响实验结果。在这里,我们对 58 项实验室研究进行了荟萃分析,这些研究将两栖动物暴露于致病真菌 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd),以更好地了解实验室温度、宿主生命阶段、感染剂量和宿主物种如何影响宿主死亡率。我们发现宿主死亡率是由热失配驱动的:在相对温暖的实验温度下,来自较冷环境的宿主经历了更高的 Bd 诱导的死亡率,反之亦然。我们还发现 Bd 剂量正预测 Bd 诱导的宿主死亡率,并且超科 Bufonoidea 和 Hyloidea 对 Bd 特别敏感。最后,Bd 对宿主死亡率的影响在宿主生命阶段各不相同,幼虫两栖动物的 Bd 诱导死亡率风险低于成虫或变体。当接种比研究人员使用的平均剂量小得多的 Bd 剂量时,变形体特别容易受到影响并经历死亡。我们的结果表明,在设计物种相互作用实验时,研究人员应仔细考虑实验温度、接种剂量以及宿主物种的生命阶段和分类。Bd 对寄主死亡率的影响在寄主生命阶段各不相同,两栖动物幼虫的 Bd 诱导死亡率风险低于成虫或变态动物。当接种比研究人员使用的平均剂量小得多的 Bd 剂量时,变形体特别容易受到影响并经历死亡。我们的结果表明,在设计物种相互作用实验时,研究人员应仔细考虑实验温度、接种剂量以及宿主物种的生命阶段和分类。Bd 对寄主死亡率的影响在寄主生命阶段各不相同,两栖动物幼虫的 Bd 诱导死亡率风险低于成虫或变态动物。当接种比研究人员使用的平均剂量小得多的 Bd 剂量时,变形体特别容易受到影响并经历死亡。我们的结果表明,在设计物种相互作用实验时,研究人员应仔细考虑实验温度、接种剂量以及宿主物种的生命阶段和分类。
更新日期:2020-02-12
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