Peer-to-peer trading is a next-generation energy management technique that economically benefits proactive consumers (prosumers) transacting their energy as goods and services. At the same time, peer-to-peer energy trading is also expected to help the grid by reducing peak demand, lowering reserve requirements, and curtailing network loss. However, large-scale deployment of peer-to-peer trading in electricity networks poses a number of challenges in modeling transactions in both the virtual and physical layers of the network. As such, this article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in research on peer-to-peer energy trading techniques. By doing so, we provide an overview of the key features of peer-to-peer trading and its benefits of relevance to the grid and prosumers. Then, we systematically classify the existing research in terms of the challenges that the studies address in the virtual and the physical layers. We then further identify and discuss those technical approaches that have been extensively used to address the challenges in peer-to-peer transactions. Finally, the paper is concluded with potential future research directions.

中文翻译：

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电力网络中的点对点交易：概述

点对点交易是一种下一代能源管理技术，可以在经济上使积极主动的消费者（产消者）将能源作为商品和服务进行交易。同时，点对点能源交易也有望通过减少高峰需求、降低储备要求和减少网络损耗来帮助电网。然而，在电力网络中大规模部署点对点交易给网络虚拟层和物理层中的交易建模带来了许多挑战。因此，本文对点对点能源交易技术的最新研究进行了全面回顾。通过这样做，我们概述了点对点交易的主要特征及其与电网和产消者相关的好处。然后，我们根据研究在虚拟和物理层中解决的挑战系统地对现有研究进行分类。然后，我们进一步确定和讨论那些已被广泛用于解决点对点交易挑战的技术方法。最后，论文总结了未来可能的研究方向。