Immunotherapy without side effects has been expected as a novel medical treatment for cancer. However, drugs such as cytokines typically used for immunotherapy are very expensive. Therefore, we propose the concept of immunoceramics that affect the immune system. Previous studies have shown that polymers including the phenylboronic acid group activate lymphocytes. This activation may be due to interaction between the sugar chains in cells and the OH group in B(OH)3 formed via dissociation of the BO2 group. In the present study, boron-containing apatite (BAp; Ca9.5+0.5x{(PO4)6-x(BO3)x}{(BO2)1-xOx} (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) was successfully fabricated via the ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis (USSP) route. We examined the material properties of the BAp ceramics with an aim to application as immunoceramics and the responses of immune cells to the BAp ceramics. The crystalline phases of the BAp ceramics included the apatite phase and infrared (IR) absorption of BO2 and BO3 groups was detected in the BAp ceramics. The cellular response of immune cells derived from mice spleens to dense BAp ceramics was examined next. The proportion of helper T cells and killer T cells on BAp (x = 0.4) ceramics increased compared to that on hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2; HAp) ceramics and on a control. These results indicate that BAp (x = 0.4) ceramics fabricated via the USSP route can be expected to act as immunoceramics that can affect the immune system.

中文翻译：

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超声喷涂热解法制备含硼磷灰石陶瓷及其对免疫细胞的反应。

无副作用的免疫疗法已被期望作为一种新型的癌症治疗方法。但是，通常用于免疫疗法的药物例如细胞因子非常昂贵。因此，我们提出了影响免疫系统的免疫陶瓷的概念。先前的研究表明，包括苯基硼酸基团的聚合物可以激活淋巴细胞。该活化可能是由于细胞中的糖链与通过BO2基团解离形成的B（OH）3中的OH基团之间的相互作用所致。在本研究中，成功​​地通过以下方法制备了含硼磷灰石（BAp; Ca9.5 + 0.5x {（PO4）6-x（BO3）x} {（BO2）1-xOx}（0≤x≤1））超声喷雾热解（USSP）路线。我们检查了BAp陶瓷的材料性能，旨在用作免疫陶瓷和免疫细胞对BAp陶瓷的反应。BAp陶瓷的结晶相包括磷灰石相，并且在BAp陶瓷中检测到BO2和BO3基团的红外（IR）吸收。接下来检查小鼠脾脏免疫细胞对致密BAp陶瓷的细胞反应。与羟基磷灰石（Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2; HAp）陶瓷和对照相比，BAp（x = 0.4）陶瓷上辅助T细胞和杀伤性T细胞的比例增加。这些结果表明，可以预期通过USSP途径制造的BAp（x = 0.4）陶瓷可以充当可影响免疫系统的免疫陶瓷。与羟基磷灰石（Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2; HAp）陶瓷和对照相比，BAp（x = 0.4）陶瓷上辅助T细胞和杀伤性T细胞的比例增加。这些结果表明，可以预期通过USSP路线制造的BAp（x = 0.4）陶瓷可以充当可影响免疫系统的免疫陶瓷。与羟基磷灰石（Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2; HAp）陶瓷和对照相比，BAp（x = 0.4）陶瓷上辅助T细胞和杀伤性T细胞的比例增加。这些结果表明，可以预期通过USSP途径制造的BAp（x = 0.4）陶瓷可以充当可影响免疫系统的免疫陶瓷。