By holographic duality, we identify a novel dynamical phase transition which results from the temperature dependence of nonequilibrium dynamics of dark solitons in a superfluid. For a nonequilibrium superfluid system with an initial density of dark solitons, there exists a critical temperature T_{d}, above which the system relaxes to equilibrium by producing sound waves, while below which it goes through an intermediate phase with a finite density of vortex-antivortex pairs. In particular, as T_{d} is approached from below, the density of vortex pairs scales as (T_{d}-T)^{γ} with the critical exponent γ=1/2.

中文翻译：

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暗孤子非平衡动力学的动态相变

通过全息对偶，我们确定了一种新型的动态相变，其是由超流体中暗孤子的非平衡动力学的温度依赖性引起的。对于具有暗孤子初始密度的非平衡超流体系统，存在一个临界温度T_ {d}，在该温度之上，系统通过产生声波而松弛至平衡，而在该温度之下，系统经历具有有限涡旋的中间相-反涡对。特别是，当从下面接近T_ {d}时，涡流对的密度按（T_ {d} -T）^ {γ}缩放，临界指数γ= 1/2。