Abstract Draw solute is a key element of forward osmosis (FO) technology. Here we design a cage-like supramolecular material of N-(hexamethylenetetramine) propane-1-sulfonate (HMTA+ − SO3−) for the simultaneous wastewater remediation and protein enrichment via FO processes. HMTA+ − SO3− reclaims water efficiently with a transfer rate of 36.0 LMH at 1.0 M without reverse solute diffusion, outperforming the conventional NaCl draw solute that produces a smaller water flux coupled with severe solute leakage. The good performance originates from the innate nature of HMTA+ − SO3− that can create a sufficiently high osmotic pressure to drive the FO process and form a supramolecular network with H2O via hydrogen-bonding to prevent solute leakage. Protein enriched by HMTA+ − SO3− remains intact in structure but those concentrated by typical NH4HCO3 or NaCl draw solutes are either contaminated or denatured resulting from the severe reverse solute diffusion in the FO process. HMTA+ − SO3− can be readily collected quantitatively via precipitation purification and reused with reproducible results. The HMTA+ − SO3− facilitated FO process for protein-containing wastewater treatment reported here may ultimately find use in processing other high-value-added compounds.

中文翻译：

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一种笼状超分子吸引溶质，可促进废水修复和源头回收的正向渗透

摘要 提取溶质是正向渗透 (FO) 技术的关键要素。在这里，我们设计了一种笼状的 N-(六亚甲基四胺) 丙烷-1-磺酸盐 (HMTA+ - SO3-) 超分子材料，用于通过 FO 工艺同时进行废水修复和蛋白质富集。HMTA+ - SO3- 以 36.0 LMH 在 1.0 M 的传输速率有效地回收水，没有反向溶质扩散，优于传统的 NaCl 提取溶质，后者产生较小的水通量和严重的溶质泄漏。良好的性能源于 HMTA+ − SO3− 的固有性质，它可以产生足够高的渗透压来驱动 FO 过程，并通过氢键与 H2O 形成超分子网络以防止溶质泄漏。由 HMTA+ - SO3- 富集的蛋白质在结构上保持完整，但由典型的 NH4HCO3 或 NaCl 吸引溶质浓缩的蛋白质要么被污染，要么由于 FO 过程中的严重逆向溶质扩散而变性。HMTA+ - SO3- 可以很容易地通过沉淀纯化进行定量收集，并以可重现的结果重复使用。此处报道的用于含蛋白质废水处理的 HMTA+ - SO3- 促进 FO 工艺最终可能会用于处理其他高附加值化合物。