The bilingual advantage proposes that bilingual individuals have enhanced cognitive control compared to their monolingual counterparts. Bilingualism has also been shown to contribute to cognitive reserve by offsetting the behavioral presentation of brain injury or neural degeneration. However, this effect has not been closely examined in individuals with post-stroke or post-TBI aphasia. Because bilingualism has been suggested as a factor of cognitive reserve, it may provide protective mechanisms for adults with aphasia. In the current study, evidence for the bilingual advantage was examined in 13 Spanish-English bilingual healthy adults (BHA) compared to 13 English monolingual healthy adults (MHA). Additionally, evidence for cognitive reserve as defined by a bilingual advantage was examined in 18 Spanish-English bilingual adults with aphasia (BAA) compared to 18 English monolingual adults with aphasia (MAA) who were otherwise matched on their age, education, language impairment, and non-verbal executive functions. All participants completed a non-linguistic cognitive control task that included congruent and incongruent conditions. Results indicated no bilingual cognitive control advantage on reaction times in healthy adult groups; however, BAA were faster than MAA, suggesting that bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve in adults with aphasia. Thus, manipulating multiple languages throughout the lifetime may be protective after an acquired brain injury.

中文翻译：

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双语对患有失语症的成年人有保护作用吗？

双语的优势表明，与单语者相比，双语者具有增强的认知控制能力。双语也被证明可以通过抵消脑损伤或神经变性的行为表现来促进认知储备。但是，尚未对中风后或TBI后失语症患者进行仔细检查。由于双语被认为是认知储备的一个因素，它可能为成人失语症提供保护机制。在本研究中，与13名英语单语健康成人（MHA）相比，在13名西班牙语-英语双语健康成人（BHA）中检查了双语优势的证据。另外，在18名西班牙语-英语双语失语症（BAA）成年人中检查了由双语优势定义的认知储备的证据，而18岁的英语英语失语症单语成年人（MAA）的年龄，教育程度，语言障碍和非语言障碍者相匹配-语言执行功能。所有参与者都完成了包括语言环境和语言环境在内的非语言认知控制任务。结果表明，健康成人组在反应时间上没有双语认知控制优势。然而，BAA的速度比MAA快，这表明双语能力可能有助于失语症成年人的认知储备。因此，在获得性脑损伤后，一生中使用多种语言可能是保护性的。