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Cognitive performance is enhanced if one knows when the task will end.
Cognition ( IF 4.011 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104189
Maayan Katzir 1 , Aviv Emanuel 1 , Nira Liberman 1
Affiliation  

In two studies, participants performed a switching task, and we provided to only half of them feedback on goal progress (how much of the task still remains). Importantly, this feedback did not inform participants on how well they performed. We found that participants in the feedback condition achieved a higher asymptotic level of performance, reported less fatigue and took shorter breaks between blocks compared to the control condition. These results suggest that asymptotic level of performance reflects not only ability (as is commonly assumed in the literature) but also motivation. We suggest that when people know when a focal task would end, they invest more effort in it because foregoing other activities becomes less costly (i.e., opportunity cost of engaging in the focal activity decreases) and because knowing when a task would end frees the actor from the need to conserve effort. These results suggest a simple, effective and costless way to improve cognitive performance that may be applied in educational and organizational settings.

中文翻译:

如果人们知道任务何时结束,认知能力就会得到提高。

在两项研究中,参与者执行了切换任务,我们仅向其中一半提供有关目标进度的反馈(仍有多少任务要做)。重要的是,此反馈并未告知参与者他们的表现如何。我们发现,与对照条件相比,反馈条件下的参与者达到了较高的渐近性能水平,报告的疲劳更少,并且在块之间的休息时间更短。这些结果表明,表现的渐近水平不仅反映了能力(如文献中通常假定的那样),还反映了动力。我们建议,当人们知道焦点任务何时结束时,他们会在其中投入更多的精力,因为进行其他活动的成本降低了(即,参与焦点活动的机会成本降低了),并且因为知道任务何时结束将使参与者摆脱节省精力的需要。这些结果表明,可以在教育和组织机构中应用的一种简单,有效且无成本的方法来提高认知能力。
更新日期:2020-01-21
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