BACKGROUND Environmental metal exposure during pregnancy can affect intrauterine growth and disrupt child development. Metal exposure in urban areas can occur through the air, water and food routes. The city of Rio de Janeiro is the second more populous of Brazil and the sixth most populous in the American continent and is characterized by a significant social-economic inequality and a large range of urban organization problems. OBJECTIVES To evaluate environmental heavy metal (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) exposure in mother-newborns pairs in an urban area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS All pregnant women, over 16 years of age, who came to the University Maternity School for newborn delivery orientation, between October and November 2017, were invited to participate in the project. Socioeconomic, cultural, leisure, and living conditions data of from the parents were collected via questionnaire; whole maternal blood and umbilical cord blood samples were also collected. RESULTS Of the 209 eligible pregnant women 142 (68%) accepted the invitation to participate in the study. A total of 131 (92.3%) mothers delivered live born children, and maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were collected from 117 mother-newborn pairs. Metal concentrations above the detection limit were detected in all maternal and cord blood samples. Strong correlations of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations between maternal and umbilical cord blood were observed. Median lead and arsenic concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood were higher than values reported in other studies conducted in Brazil and worldwide. Lead concentrations in 25% of the umbilical cord blood samples were near of 5 μg/dL (P75 = 4.92 μg/dL). CONCLUSION The results reported herein indicate the need for the establishment of health surveillance programs in Brazil, in order to investigate and monitor the health effects of environmental heavy metal exposure in children since the gestation period.

中文翻译：

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巴西里约热内卢市孕期母婴金属暴露：里约出生队列研究环境暴露与儿童发展（PIPA项目）。

背景技术怀孕期间暴露于环境中的金属可影响子宫内生长并破坏儿童发育。城市地区的金属暴露可通过空气，水和食物途径发生。里约热内卢市是巴西人口第二大城市，在美洲大陆人口第六大城市，其特征是严重的社会经济不平等和一系列城市组织问题。目的评估巴西里约热内卢市区母婴对中重金属（砷，镉，铅和汞）的环境暴露。方法2017年10月至2017年11月之间，所有以大学分娩为目标的16岁以上孕妇都被邀请参加该项目。社会经济，文化，休闲，通过问卷调查收集父母的生活条件数据；还收集了全母血和脐带血样本。结果在209名合格孕妇中，有142名（68％）接受了邀请参加研究。共有131名（92.3％）母亲分娩了活产儿，并从117对母婴中采集了母血和脐带血。在所有母体和脐带血样本中都检测到高于检测极限的金属浓度。观察到孕妇和脐带血中砷，镉，铅和汞的浓度之间存在很强的相关性。母体和脐带血中铅和砷的中位数浓度高于在巴西和全世界进行的其他研究报告的数值。25％的脐带血样本中的铅浓度接近5μg/ dL（P75 = 4.92μg/ dL）。结论本文报道的结果表明有必要在巴西建立健康监测计划，以调查和监测自妊娠期以来环境中重金属暴露对儿童的健康影响。