Abstract The significance of in situ detection of small biomolecules associated with specific cancer diseases have stimulated the design of flexible film electrode materials. In this work, a green and facile strategy was presented to fabricate flexible N,S-reduced graphene oxide film (N,S-rGOF) by respiratory mechanism of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The used microbial method allows us to fabricate N,S-rGOF under green and mild conditions. Benefiting from simultaneous double doping of N and S atoms into graphene structure, the as-obtained flexible N,S-rGOF demonstrates excellent electrochemical sensing activity towards cancer biomarker hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection in terms of high sensitivity, good stability and particular reproducibility. The current response has a linear relationship with the concentration of H2O2 up to 45.5 mM. The detection limit is 50 μM (S/N = 3), and the detection sensitivity is 47 μA cm−2 mM−1. It is worth noting that the direct growth of breast cancer cells on N,S-rGOF can largely shorten the diffusion distance of H2O2 molecules to the active sites on N,S-rGOF surface, and therefore increases the sensitivity and accuracy of in situ detection, which offers new clinical possibilities for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

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硫酸盐还原细菌呼吸方法制备用于原位癌症生物标志物检测的柔性 N,S 还原氧化石墨烯薄膜电极

摘要 原位检测与特定癌症疾病相关的小生物分子的重要性刺激了柔性薄膜电极材料的设计。在这项工作中，提出了一种绿色简便的策略，通过硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB) 的呼吸机制制造柔性 N,S 还原氧化石墨烯膜 (N,S-rGOF)。使用的微生物方法使我们能够在绿色和温和的条件下制造 N,S-rGOF。受益于 N 和 S 原子同时双掺杂到石墨烯结构中，所获得的柔性 N,S-rGOF 在高灵敏度、良好稳定性和特殊再现性方面对癌症生物标志物过氧化氢 (H2O2) 检测表现出优异的电化学传感活性。电流响应与高达 45.5 mM 的 H2O2 浓度呈线性关系。检测限为 50 μM (S/N = 3)，检测灵敏度为 47 μA cm-2 mM-1。值得注意的是，乳腺癌细胞在N,S-rGOF上的直接生长可以大大缩短H2O2分子到N,S-rGOF表面活性位点的扩散距离，从而提高原位检测的灵敏度和准确度，这为乳腺癌的诊断和治疗提供了新的临床可能性。