Mechanical stimulation, including exposure to wind, is a common environmental variable for plants. However, knowledge about the morphogenetic response of the grasses (Poaceae) to mechanical stimulation and impact on relevant agronomic traits is very limited. Two natural accessions of Brachypodium distachyon were exposed to wind and mechanical treatments. We surveyed a wide range of stem-related traits to determine the effect of the two treatments on plant growth, development, and stem biomass properties. Both treatments induced significant quantitative changes across multiple scales, from the whole plant down to cellular level. The two treatments resulted in shorter stems, reduced biomass, increased tissue rigidity, delayed flowering, and reduced seed yield in both accessions. Among changes in cell wall-related features, a substantial increase in lignin content and pectin methylesterase activity was most notable. Mechanical stimulation also reduced the enzymatic sugar release from the cell wall, thus increasing biomass recalcitrance. Notably, treatments had a distinct and opposite effect on vascular bundle area in the two accessions, suggesting genetic variation in modulating these responses to mechanical stimulation. Our findings highlight that exposure of grasses to mechanical stimulation is a relevant environmental factor affecting multiple traits important for their utilization in food, feed, and bioenergy applications.

中文翻译：

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短枝曲霉的机械刺激：对健身，生产力和细胞壁特性的影响。

机械刺激，包括暴露在风中，是植物常见的环境变量。然而，有关禾本科（禾本科）对机械刺激的形态发生反应以及对相关农艺性状影响的知识非常有限。短枝短吻yon的两个天然种暴露于风和机械处理。我们调查了广泛的茎相关性状，以确定两种处理对植物生长，发育和茎生物量特性的影响。从整株植物到细胞水平，这两种处理均在多个尺度上引起了显着的定量变化。两种处理均导致茎短，生物量减少，组织刚度增加，开花延迟和两个种的种子产量降低。在细胞壁相关特征的变化中，木质素含量和果胶甲基酯酶活性的显着增加是最显着的。机械刺激还减少了酶糖从细胞壁的释放，从而增加了生物量的顽固性。值得注意的是，治疗对这两个种的血管束面积有明显的相反作用，表明在调节这些对机械刺激的反应中存在遗传变异。我们的发现突出表明，将草暴露于机械刺激下是影响多种性状的相关环境因素，这些性状对于它们在食品，饲料和生物能源应用中的利用至关重要。不同处理对这两个种的血管束面积有明显的相反的影响，表明遗传变异在调节这些对机械刺激的反应中。我们的发现突出表明，将草暴露于机械刺激下是影响多种性状的相关环境因素，这些性状对于它们在食品，饲料和生物能源应用中的利用非常重要。不同处理对这两个种的血管束面积有明显的相反的影响，表明遗传变异在调节这些对机械刺激的反应中。我们的发现突出表明，将草暴露于机械刺激下是影响多种性状的相关环境因素，这些性状对于它们在食品，饲料和生物能源应用中的利用非常重要。