Antibiotics are one of the most widely used types of drugs in pharmaceutics. However, efficiency of these drugs has decreased recently owing to the threat of antibiotic resistance. One of the important factors causing antibiotic resistance is the excessive use of antibacterials in animals. Therefore, detection of antibiotics in foods of animal origin is crucial. The aim of this study was to develop a novel whole-cell based bioassay to be used for detection of some antibiotics. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli cells were used as a recognition agent, and antibiotic detection was carried out by pursuing the inhibition rate of fluorescence intensity as a result of the inhibition of viable cells by the time of progress. The performance of bioassay was tested for different antibiotics, and the obtained results showed that the developed method can be used successfully for detection of ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, neomycin, and tetracycline with the limit of detection (LOD) values of 3.33, 0.29, 28.00, 618.36, and 33.17 µg/L, respectively. The assay was also tested with antibiotic spiked milk samples (skimmed UHT, full-fat UHT, and whole raw milk). According to obtained recovery values, developed method was successful for all samples. The precision and bias values of the method were found between the range of 1.30% to 7.54% and -8.00% to 0.64%, respectively. The developed method, which is inexpensive and simple with detection limits in line with the regulatory limits, is promising for use in milk quality monitoring. Method has potential to be used as a screening method after comprehensive validation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This method could be used in animal husbandry to check whether the antibiotic prescribed for the treatment of sick animals is still present in their milk as residual. For dairy industry, detection of residual antibiotics in milk is crucial because of their inhibition effects on the fermentation processes. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for routine analysis of raw milk reception in dairy industries. In addition, it is considered to have a wide range of applications for all foods.

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基于绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的抗生素检测生物测定方法的开发及其在牛奶中的应用

抗生素是药剂学中使用最广泛的药物类型之一。然而，由于抗生素耐药性的威胁，这些药物的效率最近有所下降。引起抗生素耐药性的重要因素之一是在动物中过度使用抗菌药物。因此，检测动物源性食品中的抗生素至关重要。本研究的目的是开发一种新型的基于全细胞的生物测定法，用于检测某些抗生素。以表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的大肠杆菌细胞为识别剂，通过随时间推移活细胞受到抑制而追求荧光强度的抑制率进行抗生素检测。对不同抗生素的生物测定性能进行了测试，结果表明，该方法可成功用于氨苄青霉素、苄青霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素和四环素的检测，检出限（LOD）分别为3.33、0.29、28.00、618.36和33.17 µg/L，分别。还使用添加抗生素的牛奶样品（脱脂 UHT、全脂 UHT 和全脂原料奶）测试了该检测方法。根据获得的回收率值，开发的方法对所有样品都是成功的。该方法的精密度和偏差值分别在 1.30% 至 7.54% 和 -8.00% 至 0.64% 的范围内。所开发的方法价格低廉且简单，检测限符合监管限制，有望用于牛奶质量监测。方法有可能在综合验证后用作筛选方法。实际应用：该方法可用于畜牧业，检查用于治疗患病动物的抗生素是否仍以残留形式存在于其乳汁中。对于乳制品行业，检测牛奶中的残留抗生素至关重要，因为它们对发酵过程有抑制作用。因此，所提出的方法可用于乳制品行业原料奶接收的常规分析。此外，它被认为对所有食品都有广泛的应用。该方法可用于乳制品行业原料奶接收的常规分析。此外，它被认为对所有食品都有广泛的应用。该方法可用于乳制品行业原料奶接收的常规分析。此外，它被认为对所有食品都有广泛的应用。