Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and its derivatives are appreciated for their aroma, color, and healthy properties, and are commodities of high economic value worldwide. Wide ranges of conventional methods have been used for years to guarantee cocoa quality. Recently, however, demand for global cocoa and the requirements of sensory, functional, and safety cocoa attributes have changed. On the one hand, society and health authorities are increasingly demanding new more accurate quality control tests, including not only the analysis of physicochemical and sensory parameters, but also determinations of functional compounds and contaminants (some of which come in trace quantities). On the other hand, increased production forces industries to seek quality control techniques based on fast, nondestructive online methods. Finally, an increase in global cocoa demand and a consequent rise in prices can lead to future cases of fraud. For this reason, new analytes, technologies, and ways to analyze data are being researched, developed, and implemented into research or quality laboratories to control cocoa quality and authenticity. The main advances made in destructive techniques focus on developing new and more sensitive methods such as chromatographic analysis to detect metabolites and contaminants in trace quantities. These methods are used to assess cocoa quality; study new functional properties; control cocoa authenticity; or detect frequent emerging frauds. Regarding nondestructive methods, spectroscopy is the most explored technique, which is conducted within the near infrared range, and also within the medium infrared range to a lesser extent. It is applied mainly in the postharvest stage of cocoa beans to analyze different biochemical parameters or to assess the authenticity of cocoa and its derivatives.

中文翻译：

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行业可可质量和真实性控制路线图：对传统方法和替代方法的回顾

可可（Theobroma cacaoL.) 及其衍生物因其香气、颜色和健康特性而受到赞赏，是世界范围内具有高经济价值的商品。多年来，人们一直使用各种传统方法来保证可可质量。然而，最近对全球可可的需求以及对感官、功能和安全可可属性的要求发生了变化。一方面，社会和卫生当局越来越需要新的更准确的质量控制测试，不仅包括理化和感官参数的分析，还包括功能化合物和污染物的测定（其中一些是痕量的）。另一方面，越来越多的生产力迫使行业寻求基于快速、无损在线方法的质量控制技术。最后，全球可可需求的增加和随之而来的价格上涨可能导致未来的欺诈案件。出于这个原因，正在研究、开发新的分析物、技术和数据分析方法，并将其应用于研究或质量实验室，以控制可可的质量和真实性。破坏性技术的主要进步集中在开发新的和更灵敏的方法上，例如色谱分析，以检测痕量的代谢物和污染物。这些方法用于评估可可质量；研究新的功能特性；控制可可的真实性；或检测频繁出现的欺诈行为。关于无损方法，光谱学是探索最多的技术，它在近红外范围内进行，在中红外范围内也有较小的范围。