Many studies have examined changes in soil microbial community structure and composition by carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). Few, however, have investigated their impact on microbial community functions. This study explored how fullerene (C60) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (M50) altered functionality of an agricultural soil microbial community (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya), using microcosm experiments combined with GeoChip microarray. M50 had a stronger effect than C60 on alpha diversity of microbial functional genes; both CNMs increased beta diversity, resulting in functional profiles distinct from the control. M50 exerted a broader, severer impact on microbially mediated nutrient cycles. Together, these two CNMs affected CO2 fixation pathways, microbial degradation of diverse carbohydrates, secondary plant metabolites, lipids and phospholipids, proteins, as well as methanogenesis and methane oxidation. They also suppressed nitrogen fixation, nitrification, dissimilatory nitrogen reduction, eukaryotic assimilatory nitrogen reduction, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Phosphorus and sulfur cycles were less vulnerable; only phytic acid hydrolysis and sulfite reduction were inhibited by M50 but not C60. Network analysis suggested decoupling of nutrient cycles by CNMs, manifesting closer and more hierarchical gene networks. This work reinforces profound impact of CNMs on soil microbial community functions and ecosystem services, laying a path for future investigation in this direction.

中文翻译：

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碳纳米材料影响土壤微生物群落与碳循环相关的功能以及养分循环的耦合。

许多研究已经研究了碳纳米材料（CNM）对土壤微生物群落结构和组成的影响。然而，很少有人研究它们对微生物群落功能的影响。这项研究使用微观实验结合了GeoChip芯片，探索了富勒烯（C60）和多壁碳纳米管（M50）如何改变农业土壤微生物群落（Archaea，Bacteria和Eukarya）的功能。M50对微生物功能基因的α多样性具有比C60更强的作用。两种CNM均增加了β多样性，导致功能谱不同于对照。M50对微生物介导的养分循环产生了更广泛，更严重的影响。这两个CNM共同影响了CO2固定途径，各种碳水化合物的微生物降解，植物次生代谢产物，脂质和磷脂，蛋白质，以及甲烷生成和甲烷氧化。他们还抑制了固氮，硝化，异化氮还原，真核同化氮还原和厌氧铵氧化（厌氧氨氧化）。磷和硫循环较不脆弱；M50只能抑制植酸水解和亚硫酸盐还原，而C60则不能。网络分析表明，CNM使养分循环脱钩，显示出更紧密，更分层的基因网络。这项工作加强了CNM对土壤微生物群落功能和生态系统服务的深远影响，为今后朝这一方向的研究铺平了道路。和厌氧铵氧化（anammox）。磷和硫循环较不脆弱；M50只能抑制植酸水解和亚硫酸盐还原，而C60则不能。网络分析表明，CNM使养分循环脱钩，显示出更紧密，更分层的基因网络。这项工作加强了CNM对土壤微生物群落功能和生态系统服务的深远影响，为今后朝这一方向的研究铺平了道路。和厌氧铵氧化（anammox）。磷和硫循环较不脆弱；M50只能抑制植酸水解和亚硫酸盐还原，而C60则不能。网络分析表明，CNM使养分循环脱钩，显示出更紧密，更分层的基因网络。这项工作加强了CNM对土壤微生物群落功能和生态系统服务的深远影响，为今后朝这一方向的研究铺平了道路。