Mycotoxins are secondary products produced by fungi in cereals and are frequently found in the livestock industry as contaminants of farm animal feed. Studies analyzing feed mycotoxins have been conducted worldwide and have confirmed the presence of mycotoxins with biological activity, including aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol, in a large proportion of feed samples. Exposure to mycotoxins can cause immunotoxicity and impair reproductive function in farm animals. In addition, exposure of tissues, such as the kidneys, liver, and intestines, to mycotoxins can exert histopathological changes that can interfere with animal growth and survival. This review describes previous studies regarding the presence of major mycotoxins in the feed of farm animals, especially pigs and poultry. Moreover, it describes the adverse effects of mycotoxins in farm animals following exposure, as well as the biological activity of mycotoxins in animal-derived cells. Mycotoxins have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and proliferation in porcine and bovine cells. A clear understanding of the effects of mycotoxins on farm animals will help reduce farm household economic loss and address the health concerns of people who consume these meat and dairy products.

中文翻译：

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受霉菌毒素污染的饲料对农场动物的影响。

霉菌毒素是谷物中的真菌产生的副产品，在畜牧业中经常作为农场动物饲料的污染物被发现。全世界对饲料中的真菌毒素进行了分析研究，并证实了大部分饲料样品中都存在具有生物活性的真菌毒素，包括黄曲霉毒素，曲霉毒素A，伏马菌素，玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪茄烯醇。暴露于霉菌毒素会导致免疫毒性并损害农场动物的生殖功能。此外，使组织（例如肾脏，肝脏和肠道）暴露于霉菌毒素可导致组织病理学改变，从而干扰动物的生长和生存。这篇综述描述了有关农场动物尤其是猪和家禽饲料中主要霉菌毒素存在的研究。此外，它描述了真菌毒素在暴露后对家畜的不利影响，以及真菌毒素在动物衍生细胞中的生物学活性。业已显示，霉菌毒素可调节猪和牛细胞中的信号传导途径，氧化应激，内质网应激，凋亡和增殖。清楚了解霉菌毒素对农场动物的影响将有助于减少农场家庭的经济损失，并解决食用这些肉类和奶制品的人们的健康问题。