Habituation, defined as the reversible decrement of a response during repetitive stimulation, is widely established as a form of non-associative learning. Though more commonly ascribed to neural cells and systems, habituation has also been observed in single aneural cells, although evidence is limited. Considering the generalizability of the habituation process, we tested the degree to which organism-level behavioral and single cell manifestations were similar. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells that overexpressed an optogenetic actuator were photostimulated to test the effect of different stimulation protocols on cell responses. Depolarization induced by the photocurrent decreased successively over the stimulation protocol and the effect was reversible upon withdrawal of the stimulus. In addition to frequency- and intensity-dependent effects, the history of stimulations on the cells impacted subsequent depolarization in response to further stimulation. We identified tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive native K+ channels as one of the mediators of this habituation phenotype. Finally, we used a theoretical model of habituation to elucidate some mechanistic aspects of the habituation response. In conclusion, we affirm that habituation is a time- and state-dependent biological strategy that can be adopted also by individual non-neuronal cells in response to repetitive stimuli.

中文翻译：

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光遗传学诱导非神经细胞中的细胞习性。

习惯化定义为重复刺激过程中反应的可逆递减，已广泛确立为一种非联想学习形式。尽管更普遍地归因于神经细胞和系统，但在单神经细胞中也观察到了习惯化，尽管证据有限。考虑到习惯化过程的普遍性，我们测试了生物水平行为和单细胞表现相似的程度。对过度表达光遗传致动器的人胚胎肾脏（HEK）细胞进行光刺激，以测试不同刺激方案对细胞反应的影响。在刺激方案中，由光电流引起的去极化逐渐减少，并且在撤消刺激时该作用是可逆的。除了频率和强度相关的影响外，细胞刺激的历史影响了随后的去极化，以响应进一步的刺激。我们确定四乙基铵（TEA）敏感的天然K +通道作为这种习惯表型的介质之一。最后，我们使用了习惯化的理论模型来阐明习惯性反应的一些机理方面。总之，我们确认习惯性是一种依赖时间和状态的生物学策略，单个非神经元细胞也可以对重复刺激做出反应。我们使用了习惯化的理论模型来阐明习惯化反应的一些机理方面。总之，我们确认习惯化是一种依赖时间和状态的生物学策略，单个非神经元细胞也可以对重复刺激做出反应。我们使用了习惯化的理论模型来阐明习惯化反应的一些机理方面。总之，我们确认习惯性是一种依赖时间和状态的生物学策略，单个非神经元细胞也可以对重复刺激做出反应。