High-performance aromatic polymers have excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties and are lightweight, but it is highly challenging to deliver outstanding performances while still maintaining good processability of the precursors. Here, a new family of small-molecule benzoxazine resins with ortho-maleimide functionality is reported, which strikes an exceptional balance between the processability and performance. The excellent processability is attributed to the twisted molecular configurations of ortho-maleimide-substituted benzoxazines, which prevent intermolecular packing in the resin systems. The new benzoxazines can polymerize through multiple routes, which eliminate the twisted structures and create highly cross-linked polymer networks. The resulting new polymers are found to possess fascinating properties such as a high thermal stability (no Tg can be detected before 400 °C), excellent flame retardancy (a heat release capacity of 42.5 J g-1 K-1 ), and low dielectric constants (2.62-2.30 in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz). The combined processability and versatility highlight the potential of smart benzoxazines in the preparation of high-performance thermosets, with important new applications that may span aerospace, transportation, and electronic packaging materials.

中文翻译：

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通过智能扭曲小分子苯并恶嗪可轻松加工的热固性塑料，具有出色的性能。

高性能芳族聚合物具有出色的热，机械和电性能，并且重量轻，但是要在保持出色的前体可加工性的同时提供出色的性能面临着巨大的挑战。在此，报道了具有邻马来酰亚胺官能团的小分子苯并恶嗪树脂的新家族，这在加工性和性能之间取得了非凡的平衡。优异的加工性能归因于邻马来酰亚胺取代的苯并恶嗪的扭曲分子构型，从而防止了树脂体系中的分子间堆积。新的苯并恶嗪可以通过多种途径聚合，从而消除了扭曲的结构并形成了高度交联的聚合物网络。发现所得的新聚合物具有令人着迷的特性，例如高的热稳定性（在400°C之前未检测到Tg），出色的阻燃性（散热能力为42.5 J g-1 K-1）和低介电常数常数（在1 Hz至10 MHz的频率范围内为2.62-2.30）。兼具可加工性和多功能性的特点突出了智能苯并恶嗪在制备高性能热固性塑料中的潜力，其重要的新应用可能涉及航空，运输和电子包装材料。