The impact of fullerene C60 water soluble daughter molecules - fullerols C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) on emerging (non-aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway) toxins production in mycelia and yeast extract sucrose (YES) media of A. flavus was investigated under growth conditions of 29 °C in the dark for a 168 h period. The FNP solution (10, 100 and 1000 ng mL-1) contained predominantly nanoparticles of 8 nm diameter and with zeta potential mean value of -33 mV. Ten emerging metabolites were produced at concentrations reaching 1,745,035 ng 50 mL-1 YES medium. Seven of the metabolites were found in mycelia and media, while three were only in mycelia. Majority of the metabolites were detected in higher quantity in mycelia than in media, at a ratio of 99:1 (m/m). However, higher metabolite quantities were found in media following FNP application, while FNP caused a decrease of total metabolite quantities in mycelia. The concentrations of the metabolites in media increased in the presence of 1000 ng mL-1 FNP while mycelial quantities of the metabolites decreased with increased applied FNP dose. The impacts of global climate changes on FNP availability in the environment and on mycotoxin occurrence in crops increase the relevance of this study for risk assessment of nanoparticles. Cordycepin is reported for the first time as metabolite of A. flavus.

中文翻译：

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富勒醇C60（OH）24纳米颗粒对黄曲霉产生新毒素的影响。

在生长条件下，研究了富勒烯C60水溶性子分子-富勒醇C60（OH）24纳米颗粒（FNP）对黄曲霉菌丝体和酵母提取物蔗糖（YES）培养基中新兴（非黄曲霉毒素生物合成途径）毒素产生的影响。在黑暗中29°C持续168小时。FNP溶液（10、100和1000 ng mL-1）主要包含直径为8 nm的纳米颗粒，ζ电势平均值为-33 mV。在浓度达到1,745,035 ng 50 mL-1 YES培养基中，产生了十种新兴代谢物。在菌丝体和培养基中发现了7种代谢物，而仅在菌丝体中发现了3种。在菌丝体中检测到的大多数代谢物的含量均比在培养基中高，比率为99：1（m / m）。但是，应用FNP后，培养基中的代谢物含量更高，而FNP导致菌丝体总代谢物数量减少。在存在1000 ng mL-1 FNP的情况下，培养基中代谢物的浓度增加，而代谢物的菌丝体含量随FNP剂量的增加而降低。全球气候变化对环境中FNP的可用性以及农作物中霉菌毒素的影响增加了这项研究对纳米颗粒风险评估的相关性。虫草素首次被报道为黄曲霉的代谢产物。全球气候变化对环境中FNP的可用性以及农作物中霉菌毒素的影响增加了这项研究对纳米颗粒风险评估的相关性。虫草素首次被报道为黄曲霉的代谢产物。全球气候变化对环境中FNP的可用性以及农作物中霉菌毒素的影响增加了这项研究对纳米颗粒风险评估的相关性。虫草素首次被报道为黄曲霉的代谢产物。