Abstract In this work, we introduce a chemically synthesised lead-free ferroelectric thin film 2% Cr doped BiFeO3 (BFCrO) for possible photovoltaic (PV) applications. The first set of PV devices were fabricated onto ITO/glass electrode by utilizing BFCrO as an active material and Pt as top electrode. The obtained ferroelectric and electrical results were systematically compared with the conventional BFO and the BFCrO device was found to be a potential one. To further enhance the PV performance, highly conducting n-type reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was heterogeneously employed as an electron transport layer (ETL) in between ITO and BFCrO. Surprisingly, the JSC was significantly improved by 1000 times along with amended VOC and FF as compared to the standalone BFCrO device. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to embed plasmonic Au nanorods (NRs) in between rGO and BFCrO, which alleviates the absorbance in heterojunction through localized surface plasmonic effect, ultimately offered remarkable PV performances than conventional BFO one. The Au NRs based BFCrO/rGO PV device exhibited an increased VOC and JSC of 0.63 V and 2.56 mA/cm2, respectively as compared to the BFCrO/rGO device with VOC (0.56 V) and JSC (1.54 mA/cm2). Effort was devoted to establish ferroelectricity in BFCrO and the effect of positive and negative polarizations on J-V measurements were observed in with or without Au NRs based devices. The modulation in charge transport with polarization field and improved photoresponse were explained by projecting a band diagram, which also provides a comprehensive understanding on the operation principle of the fabricated devices.

中文翻译：

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等离子金纳米棒介导的 p-BFCrO/n-rGO 异质结实现高效铁电光伏器件

摘要 在这项工作中，我们介绍了一种化学合成的无铅铁电薄膜 2% Cr 掺杂 BiFeO3 (BFCrO)，用于可能的光伏 (PV) 应用。利用BFCrO作为活性材料和Pt作为顶部电极，在ITO/玻璃电极上制造了第一组光伏器件。将获得的铁电和电学结果与传统的 BFO 进行系统比较，发现 BFCrO 装置是一种潜在的装置。为了进一步提高 PV 性能，高导电 n 型还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 被异质地用作 ITO 和 BFCrO 之间的电子传输层 (ETL)。令人惊讶的是，与独立的 BFCrO 设备相比，JSC 连同修正的 VOC 和 FF 显着提高了 1000 倍。此外，已经尝试在 rGO 和 BFCrO 之间嵌入等离子体 Au 纳米棒（NRs），通过局部表面等离子体效应减轻异质结的吸光度，最终提供比传统 BFO 显着的 PV 性能。与具有 VOC (0.56 V) 和 JSC (1.54 mA/cm2) 的 BFCrO/rGO 器件相比，基于 Au NRs 的 BFCrO/rGO PV 器件的 VOC 和 JSC 分别增加了 0.63 V 和 2.56 mA/cm2。致力于在 BFCrO 中建立铁电性，并且在有或没有基于 Au NRs 的设备中观察了正极和负极对 JV 测量的影响。通过投影能带图解释了具有极化场的电荷传输调制和改进的光响应，