The temperature adaptability of the lead methanesulfonate flow battery is evaluated from 253 K to 323 K. The energy efficiency reaches the maximum value of 85.7% at 313 K. The overpotentials of positive and negative couples decrease with increasing temperature, especially for the PbO/Pb couple. The high temperature can not only promote the diffusivity of ions, but also reduce the charge transfer resistance and electrolyte resistance , which lower the electrode overpotential to improve the voltage efficiency. The coulombic efficiency of flow cell is mainly attributed to the reversibility of PbO/Pb half reaction, and the maximum value of 97.6% is achieved at 303 K. Many more defects and clusters appear on Pb and PbO deposited layers at low temperature. The particle size of PbO increases with increasing temperature, and the pure β-PbO can be obtained at 323 K. With the temperature increasing, the grain size of Pb is increased, and especially PbO’s is apparently enlarged.

中文翻译：

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甲磺酸铅液流电池的温度适应性

对甲磺酸铅液流电池的温度适应性进行了评估，温度范围为253 K至323 K。能量效率在313 K时达到最大值85.7%。正负电偶的过电势随着温度的升高而降低，特别是对于PbO/Pb夫妻。高温不仅可以促进离子的扩散，还可以降低电荷转移电阻和电解液电阻，从而降低电极过电位，提高电压效率。流通池的库仑效率主要归因于PbO/Pb半反应的可逆性，在303 K时达到最大值97.6%。低温下Pb和P​​bO沉积层上出现更多的缺陷和团簇。PbO的粒径随着温度的升高而增大，在323 K时可以得到纯的β-PbO。随着温度的升高，Pb的晶粒尺寸增大，特别是PbO的晶粒明显增大。