Bone regeneration around newly implanted biomaterials is a complex process, which in its early phases involves the interactions between Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and immune cells. The response of these cells to the biomaterial depends both on the local microenvironment and on the characteristics of the inserted bone substitute. In this work, bone allografts impregnated with albumin are loaded with a co-culture of human MSCs and monocytes; bone granules without albumin are used for comparison. Co-cultures are contextually treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines to simulate the inflammatory milieu naturally present during the bone regeneration process. As revealed by microscopic images, albumin-impregnated bone granules promote adhesion and interactions between cells populations. Compared to control granules, albumin coating diminishes reactive species production by cells. This reduced oxidative stress may be attributable to antioxidant properties of albumin, and it is also reflected in the mitigated gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, where most intracellular reactive molecules are generated. MSCs-monocytes co-cultured onto albumin-impregnated bone granules additionally release higher amounts of immunomodulatory cytokines and growth factors. In summary, this work demonstrates that impregnation of bone granules with albumin positively modulates the interactions between MSCs and immune cells, consequently influencing their mutual activities and immunomodulatory functions.

新植入的生物材料周围的骨再生是一个复杂的过程，在其早期阶段涉及间充质干细胞（MSC）与免疫细胞之间的相互作用。这些细胞对生物材料的反应既取决于局部微环境，又取决于所插入的骨替代物的特性。在这项工作中，将用白蛋白浸渍的同种异体移植物与人类MSC和单核细胞共同培养。没有白蛋白的骨颗粒用于比较。用促炎细胞因子对共培养物进行上下文处理，以模拟骨骼再生过程中自然存在的炎性环境。如显微图像所示，白蛋白浸渍的骨颗粒促进细胞群之间的粘附和相互作用。与对照颗粒相比，白蛋白涂层减少了细胞产生的反应性物质。这种降低的氧化应激可能归因于白蛋白的抗氧化特性，并且还反映在线粒体电子传输链复合物的基因表达降低的情况下，其中大多数细胞内反应性分子都在此生成。共培养到浸有白蛋白的骨颗粒上的MSCs单核细胞还释放出更多的免疫调节细胞因子和生长因子。总而言之，这项工作证明用白蛋白浸渍骨颗粒可正向调节MSC与免疫细胞之间的相互作用，从而影响它们的相互活性和免疫调节功能。线粒体电子传输链复合物的基因表达降低，这反映了大多数细胞内反应分子的产生。共培养到浸有白蛋白的骨颗粒上的MSCs单核细胞还释放出更多的免疫调节细胞因子和生长因子。总之，这项工作证明用白蛋白浸润骨颗粒可正向调节MSC与免疫细胞之间的相互作用，从而影响它们的相互活性和免疫调节功能。线粒体电子传输链复合物的基因表达降低，这反映了大多数细胞内反应分子的产生。共培养到浸有白蛋白的骨颗粒上的MSCs单核细胞还释放出更多的免疫调节细胞因子和生长因子。总之，这项工作证明用白蛋白浸润骨颗粒可正向调节MSC与免疫细胞之间的相互作用，从而影响它们的相互活性和免疫调节功能。