The roles of surface roughness on icephobicity including ice adhesion strength have been long debated in icephobicity studies. However, the direct/systematic influence of surface roughness on ice adhesion strength while keeping other surface characteristics such as surface wettability and interfacial cavitation unchanged are seldom reported. In this paper, systematic reduction of ice adhesion strength with the decrease in surface roughness regardless of the surface wettability was demonstrated across all the studied material types, i.e. metallic surfaces and polymeric coatings with different surface wettability. In-situ icing observation studies indicated that the ice did not anchor on smooth metallic surfaces and polymeric coatings but anchored on rough surfaces including superhydrophobic coatings. Effect of surface wettability was argued against the ice adhesion strength based on our results and similar ice adhesion strength was found on materials having different wettability (i.e. hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings, and surfaces having different contact angle hysteresis). On the contrary, the introduction of low surface energy chemicals (via deposition and/or functionalization) on the surface having similar surface roughness showed a direct reduction of ice adhesion strength. These results indicated the surface roughness is vital in achieving icephobic performance, however, the ultra-low ice adhesion strength could be achieved by the synergetic effect of low surface roughness and low interfacial cavitation (in line with the interfacial correlation factor).

在憎冰性研究中，表面粗糙度对憎冰性（包括冰附着强度）的作用一直存在争议。然而，很少有表面粗糙度对冰附着强度的直接/系统影响，同时保持其他表面特性（如表面润湿性和界面空化）不变。在本文中，在所有研究的材料类型（即金属表面和具有不同表面润湿性的聚合物涂层）中，无论表面润湿性如何，随着表面粗糙度的降低，冰附着强度都会系统降低。现场结冰观察研究表明，冰没有锚固在光滑的金属表面和聚合物涂层上，而是锚固在包括超疏水涂层在内的粗糙表面上。根据我们的结果，表面润湿性的影响被认为与冰的粘附强度有关，并且在具有不同润湿性的材料（即亲水和疏水涂层以及具有不同接触角滞后的表面）上发现了相似的冰粘附强度。相反，在具有相似表面粗糙度的表面上引入低表面能化学物质（通过沉积和/或功能化）会直接降低冰的附着强度。这些结果表明表面粗糙度对于实现疏冰性能至关重要，但是，超低的冰附着强度可以通过低表面粗糙度和低界面空化（与界面相关因子一致）的协同作用来实现。