A new hybrid redox flow V–Mn/V–Mn battery is introduced for enhancing the energy density of a V/V system. The energy density of the V–Mn/V–Mn system is high because the system has multiple redox reactions involving both V and Mn ions, and the operating cell potential increases owing to the high standard potential of the Mn(II)/Mn(III) reaction. Consequently, the discharge energy density is increased by 66.8% compared with that of the V/V system. Additionally, because the V–Mn/V–Mn system contains the same components in the negative and positive electrolytes, a reduction in energy density due to ion crossover with cycling can be achieved through a rebalancing process. The V–Mn/V–Mn system is not simply a mixture of V and Mn electrolytes but has a unique advantage. The presence of V ions reduces the particle size of the MnO₂ produced by the disproportionation reaction during the charging process. The small MnO₂ particles can flow into the cell together with the electrolyte and can be reduced to Mn ions. As a result, the reversibility and durability of the system are greatly improved. Therefore, the V–Mn/V–Mn system can complement the low energy density of the V/V system.

引入了一种新型混合氧化还原液流V–Mn / V–Mn电池，以增强V / V系统的能量密度。V-Mn / V-Mn系统的能量密度高，因为该系统具有涉及V和Mn离子的多个氧化还原反应，并且由于Mn（II）/ Mn（三）反应。因此，与V / V系统相比，放电能量密度增加了66.8％。另外，由于V–Mn / V–Mn系统在负极和正极电解液中包含相同的成分，因此通过重新平衡过程可以实现由于循环引起的离子交换而导致的能量密度降低。V–Mn / V–Mn系统不仅是V和Mn电解质的混合物，而且具有独特的优势。V离子的存在减小了MnO ₂的粒径在充电过程中由歧化反应产生。小的MnO ₂颗粒可以与电解质一起流入电池，并且可以还原为Mn离子。结果，大大提高了系统的可逆性和耐用性。因此，V–Mn / V–Mn系统可以补充V / V系统的低能量密度。