Uneven deposition and stripping of Lithium (Li) can lead to dendrite growth and instability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which severely prevents the Li metal battery from practical applications. In this paper, atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is used to alter the lithiophilicity of carbon fiber network by depositing ultra-thin conformal ZnO layer at a low mass loading (5.9 wt.%). The thin layer ZnO by ALD could provide uniform Li nucleation sites and guide Li deposition along the carbon fibers without formation of dendrites, and release Li from top of the electrode without formation of dead Li during dissolution. As a result, the ALD ZnO-modified carbon fiber/Li (ALD/C-Li) composite anode can cycle stably at a large current density as high as 15 mA/cm² giving low overpotential (105 mV) and long-running lifespan with stable stripping/plating profiles nearly 500 cycles at 5 mA/cm². Tests of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with argon ion etching show that the ALD/C-Li anode can effectively stabilize the SEI with a negligible increase in thickness after 100^th cycle, while that of bare Li electrode doubles under the same cycling conditions. The full cell with LiFePO₄ cathode also shows a much low hysteresis at 2 C over 300 cycles. The strategy developed in this work provides a novel alternative to Li anodes with long lifespan and opens up a new avenue for Li metal batteries with high energy density and high power density.

锂（Li）的不均匀沉积和剥离会导致枝晶生长和固体电解质中间相（SEI）的不稳定性，从而严重地阻止了锂金属电池的实际应用。在本文中，原子层沉积（ALD）方法用于通过以低质量负载（5.9 wt。％）沉积超薄共形的ZnO层来改变碳纤维网络的疏脂性。通过ALD的薄层ZnO可以提供均匀的Li成核位点并引导Li沿着碳纤维沉积而不形成树枝状晶体，并且在溶解期间从电极顶部释放Li而不形成死Li。结果，ALD ZnO改性的碳纤维/锂（ALD / C-Li）复合阳极可以在高达15 mA / cm ²的大电流密度下稳定循环在低电流（105 mV）和长寿命的情况下，具有稳定的剥离/镀层分布，在5 mA / cm ^{2下可进行}近500次循环。X射线光电子能谱（XPS）结合氩离子蚀刻的测试表明，ALD / C-Li阳极可以有效地稳定SEI，在^第100^个循环后其厚度的增加可以忽略不计，而裸Li电极在相同的条件下会翻倍循环条件。具有LiFePO ₄阴极的满电池在300 C循环下在2 C下也显示出非常低的磁滞。这项工作开发的策略为寿命长的锂阳极提供了一种新颖的替代方法，并为高能量密度和高功率密度的锂金属电池开辟了一条新途径。