In this paper of the special issue dedicated for the Olympics 2020, we put the light on an exciting facet of exercise-oncology, which may still be unknown to some audience. Accumulating convincing evidences show that exercise reduces cancer progression and recurrence mainly in colon and breast cancer patients. Interestingly, the positive effects of exercise on cancer outcomes were mainly observed when patients practiced vigorous exercise of 6 METs or more. At the molecular level, experimental studies highlighted that regular vigorous exercise could reduce tumor growth by driving changes in immune system, metabolism, hormones, systemic inflammation, angiogenesis and redox status. In the present review, we describe the main redox-sensitive mechanisms mediated by exercise. These redox mechanisms are of particular therapeutic interest as they may explain the emerging preclinical findings proving that the association of vigorous exercise with chemotherapy or radiotherapy improves the anti-cancer responses of both interventions. Clinical and preclinical studies converge to support the practice of exercise as an adjuvant therapy that improves cancer outcomes. The understanding of the underpinning molecular mechanisms of exercise in cancer can open new avenues to improve cancer care in patients.

在针对2020年奥运会的特刊中，我们将重点介绍了运动肿瘤学一个令人兴奋的方面，这对于某些听众来说可能还是未知的。越来越多的令人信服的证据表明，运动主要在结肠癌和乳腺癌患者中减少癌症的进展和复发。有趣的是，运动对癌症结局的积极影响主要在患者进行6 METs或更多的剧烈运动时观察到。在分子水平上，实验研究强调，有规律的运动可以通过驱动免疫系统，新陈代谢，激素，全身性炎症，血管生成和氧化还原状态的变化来减少肿瘤的生长。在本综述中，我们描述了运动介导的主要氧化还原敏感机制。这些氧化还原机制具有特殊的治疗意义，因为它们可以解释新出现的临床前发现，证明剧烈运动与化学疗法或放射疗法的结合可以改善两种干预措施的抗癌反应。临床和临床前研究趋于一致，以支持运动作为改善癌症结局的辅助疗法。对癌症运动的基本分子机制的理解可以为改善患者的癌症治疗开辟新途径。