BACKGROUND Uncertainly continues to exist regarding the role of air pollution on pediatric asthma and allergic conditions, especially as air pollution levels have started to decrease in recent decades. OBJECTIVE We examined associations of long-term air pollution levels at the home address with pediatric eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma prevalences in five birth cohorts (BIB, EDEN, GASPII, RHEA and INMA) from seven areas in five European countries. METHODS Current eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma were assessed in children aged four (N = 6527) and eight years (N = 2489). A multi-morbidity outcome (≥2 conditions versus none) was also defined. Individual outdoor levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides, mass of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10), 10-2.5 μm (PMcoarse) and <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and PM2.5 absorbance were assigned to the birth, four- and eight-year home addresses using highly defined spatial air pollution exposure models. Cohort-specific cross-sectional associations were assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and environmental covariates and combined in a random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of pediatric eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma at four years was 15.4%, 5.9% and 12.4%. We found no increase in the prevalence of these outcomes at four or eight years with increasing air pollution exposure. For example, the meta-analysis adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma at four years were 0.94 (0.81, 1.09), 0.90 (0.75, 1.09), and 0.91 (0.74, 1.11), respectively, per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 at the birth address, and 1.00 (0.81, 1.23), 0.70 (0.49, 1.00) and 0.88 (0.54, 1.45), respectively, per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at the birth address. DISCUSSION In this large meta-analysis of five birth cohorts, we found no indication of adverse effects of long-term air pollution exposure on the prevalence of current pediatric eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma.

中文翻译：

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空气污染与小儿湿疹、鼻结膜炎和哮喘之间的关联：欧洲出生队列的荟萃分析。

背景 关于空气污染对儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病的作用，不确定地继续存在，尤其是在近几十年来空气污染水平开始下降的情况下。目的 我们在来自五个欧洲国家的七个地区的五个出生队列（BIB、EDEN、GASPII、RHEA 和 INMA）中检查了家庭住址的长期空气污染水平与小儿湿疹、鼻结膜炎和哮喘患病率的关联。方法 对 4 岁 (N = 6527) 和 8 岁 (N = 2489) 的儿童评估当前的湿疹、鼻结膜炎和哮喘。还定义了多发病结果（≥2 个条件对无）。室外二氧化氮 (NO2)、氮氧化物、空气动力学直径 <10 μm (PM10)、10-2.5 μm (PMcoarse) 和 <2.5 μm (PM2.5) 的颗粒物质量以及 PM2. 使用高度定义的空间空气污染暴露模型将 5 吸光度分配给出生、四年和八年的家庭住址。使用针对人口和环境协变量调整的逻辑回归模型评估队列特定的横断面关联，并结合随机效应荟萃分析。结果儿童湿疹、鼻结膜炎和哮喘4年总患病率分别为15.4%、5.9%和12.4%。我们发现随着空气污染暴露的增加，这些结果的发生率在四到八年没有增加。例如，四年时湿疹、鼻结膜炎和哮喘的荟萃分析调整优势比（95% 置信区间）分别为 0.94（0.81, 1.09）、0.90（0.75, 1.09）和 0.91（0.74, 1.11），出生地址的 NO2 每增加 10 μg/m3 和 1.00 (0.81, 出生地址 PM2.5 每增加 5 μg/m3，分别为 1.23)、0.70 (0.49, 1.00) 和 0.88 (0.54, 1.45)。讨论 在这项对五个出生队列的大型荟萃分析中，我们没有发现长期暴露于空气污染对当前儿童湿疹、鼻结膜炎或哮喘的患病率产生不利影响的迹象。