Tens of thousands of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed in the past two decades, and only ≈100 of them have been demonstrated as porous and hydrophobic. These hydrophobic MOFs feature not only a rich structural variety, highly crystalline frameworks, and uniform micropores, but also a low affinity toward water and superior hydrolytic stability, which make them promising adsorbents for diverse applications, including humid CO2 capture, alcohol/water separation, pollutant removal from air or water, substrate-selective catalysis, energy storage, anticorrosion, and self-cleaning. Herein, the recent research advancements in hydrophobic MOFs are presented. The existing techniques for qualitatively or quantitatively assessing the hydrophobicity of MOFs are first introduced. The reported experimental methods for the preparation of hydrophobic MOFs are then categorized. The concept that hydrophobic MOFs normally synthesized from predesigned organic ligands can also be prepared by the postsynthetic modification of the internal pore surface and/or external crystal surface of hydrophilic or less hydrophobic MOFs is highlighted. Finally, an overview of the recent studies on hydrophobic MOFs for various applications is provided and suggests the high versatility of this unique class of materials for practical use as either adsorbents or nanomaterials.

中文翻译：

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疏水性金属有机框架：评估、构建和多样化应用。

在过去的二十年里，已经开发了数以万计的金属有机框架（MOF），其中只有约 100 种被证明是多孔和疏水的。这些疏水性MOF不仅具有丰富的结构多样性、高度结晶的框架和均匀的微孔，而且还具有低亲水性和优异的水解稳定性，这使得它们成为多种应用的有前途的吸附剂，包括潮湿CO2捕获、醇/水分离、从空气或水中去除污染物、底物选择性催化、能量储存、防腐和自清洁。本文介绍了疏水性 MOF 的最新研究进展。首先介绍了现有的定性或定量评估MOFs疏水性的技术。然后对报道的疏水性 MOF 制备实验方法进行分类。强调了通常由预先设计的有机配体合成的疏水性MOFs也可以通过亲水性或疏水性较低的MOFs的内部孔表面和/或外部晶体表面的后合成修饰来制备的概念。最后，概述了疏水性 MOF 各种应用的最新研究，并表明这种独特的材料在实际应用中作为吸附剂或纳米材料具有高度的多功能性。