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Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.
Circulation ( IF 37.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 , DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000743
Jo Ann S. Carson , Alice H. Lichtenstein , Cheryl A.M. Anderson , Lawrence J. Appel , Penny M. Kris-Etherton , Katie A. Meyer , Kristina Petersen , Tamar Polonsky , Linda Van Horn ,

The elimination of specific dietary cholesterol target recommendations in recent guidelines has raised questions about its role with respect to cardiovascular disease. This advisory was developed after a review of human studies on the relationship of dietary cholesterol with blood lipids, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease risk to address questions about the relevance of dietary cholesterol guidance for heart health. Evidence from observational studies conducted in several countries generally does not indicate a significant association with cardiovascular disease risk. Although meta-analyses of intervention studies differ in their findings, most associate intakes of cholesterol that exceed current average levels with elevated total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Dietary guidance should focus on healthy dietary patterns (eg, Mediterranean-style and DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension]-style diets) that are inherently relatively low in cholesterol with typical levels similar to the current US intake. These patterns emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, lean protein sources, nuts, seeds, and liquid vegetable oils. A recommendation that gives a specific dietary cholesterol target within the context of food-based advice is challenging for clinicians and consumers to implement; hence, guidance focused on dietary patterns is more likely to improve diet quality and to promote cardiovascular health.

中文翻译:

饮食胆固醇和心血管风险:美国心脏协会的科学咨询。

在最近的指南中,消除特定饮食中胆固醇目标的建议已经引起了人们对其在心血管疾病中的作用的质疑。该建议是在对人体中饮食胆固醇与血脂,脂蛋白和心血管疾病风险之间关系的研究进行回顾后制定的,目的是解决饮食胆固醇指导与心脏健康相关性的问题。在几个国家进行的观察性研究的证据通常并不表明与心血管疾病的风险有显着相关性。尽管干预研究的荟萃分析发现不同,但大多数将超过当前平均水平的胆固醇摄入与总或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度升高联系在一起。饮食指南应侧重于健康的饮食模式(例如,地中海风格和DASH(停止高血压的饮食途径)风格的饮食),这些饮食固有地胆固醇含量相对较低,典型水平与美国目前的摄入量相似。这些模式强调水果,蔬菜,全谷类,低脂或无脂乳制品,瘦蛋白来源,坚果,种子和液体植物油。在以食物为基础的建议中给出特定饮食胆固醇目标的建议对临床医生和消费者实施具有挑战性;因此,针对饮食习惯的指南更有可能改善饮食质量并促进心血管健康。地中海式和DASH(饮食控制高血压的方式)饮食固有地胆固醇相对较低,典型水平与目前美国的摄入量相似。这些模式强调水果,蔬菜,全谷类,低脂或无脂乳制品,瘦蛋白来源,坚果,种子和液体植物油。在以食物为基础的建议中给出特定饮食胆固醇目标的建议对临床医生和消费者实施具有挑战性;因此,针对饮食习惯的指南更有可能改善饮食质量并促进心血管健康。地中海式和DASH(饮食控制高血压的方式)饮食固有地胆固醇相对较低,典型水平与目前美国的摄入量相似。这些模式强调水果,蔬菜,全谷类,低脂或无脂乳制品,瘦蛋白来源,坚果,种子和液体植物油。在以食物为基础的建议中给出特定饮食胆固醇目标的建议对临床医生和消费者实施具有挑战性;因此,针对饮食习惯的指南更有可能改善饮食质量并促进心血管健康。在以食物为基础的建议中给出特定饮食胆固醇目标的建议对临床医生和消费者实施具有挑战性;因此,针对饮食习惯的指南更有可能改善饮食质量并促进心血管健康。在以食物为基础的建议中给出特定饮食胆固醇目标的建议对临床医生和消费者实施具有挑战性;因此,针对饮食习惯的指南更有可能改善饮食质量并促进心血管健康。
更新日期:2020-01-21
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