Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been considered as one of the fine research areas in recent years because of vital role in numerous applications. To process the extracted data and transmit it to the various location, a large number of nodes must be deployed in a proper way because deployment is one of the major issues in WSNs. Hence, the minimum number of node deployment to attain full coverage is of enormous significance for research. The prime agenda of the presented paper is to categorize various coverage techniques into four major parts: computational geometry-based techniques, force-based techniques, grid-based techniques, and metaheuristic-based techniques. Additionally, several comparisons amid these schemes are provided in view of their benefits and drawbacks. Our discussion weighs on the classification of coverage, practical challenges in the deployment of WSNs, sensing models, and research issues in WSNs. Moreover, a detailed analysis of performance metrics and comparison among various WSNs simulators is listed. In conclusion, standing research issues along with potential work guidelines are discussed.

中文翻译：

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无线传感器网络中的部署技术：调查、分类、挑战和未来研究问题

近年来，无线传感器网络（WSN）被认为是精细的研究领域之一，因为它在众多应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。为了处理提取的数据并将其传输到各个位置，必须以适当的方式部署大量节点，因为部署是 WSN 中的主要问题之一。因此，实现全覆盖的最少节点部署数量对于研究具有重大意义。本文的主要议程是将各种覆盖技术分为四个主要部分：基于计算几何的技术、基于力的技术、基于网格的技术和基于元启发式的技术。此外，还针对这些方案的优缺点进行了一些比较。我们的讨论侧重于覆盖的分类，WSN 部署中的实际挑战、传感模型和 WSN 中的研究问题。此外，还列出了对各种 WSN 模拟器之间的性能指标和比较的详细分析。总之，讨论了长期研究问题以及潜在的工作指南。