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Gap creation alters the mode of conspecific distance-dependent seedling establishment via changes in the relative influence of pathogens and mycorrhizae.
Oecologia ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04596-x
Wulantuya 1, 2 , K Masaka 3 , Bayandala 1, 4 , Y Fukasawa 1 , K Matsukura 1 , K Seiwa 1
Affiliation  

In forest communities, conspecific density/distance dependence (CDD) is an important factor regulating diversity. It remains unknown how and the extent to which gap creation alters the mode and strength of CDD via changes in the relative importance of pathogens and mycorrhizae. Seeds of two hardwoods (i.e., Acer mono associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae [AM] and Quercus serrata associated with ectomycorrhizae [EM]) were sown reciprocally at four distances from the boundary between Acer- and Quercus-dominated forests towards forest interior in each of forest understories (FUs) and gaps. The causes of seed and seedling mortality, seedling growth and colonization of mycorrhizal fungi were investigated. In Acer, seed and seedling mortality were highest in Acer forests and gradually decreased towards the interior of Quercus forests in FU, mainly due to severe attack of soil pathogens, invertebrates, and leaf diseases. The reverse was true in gaps, due to reduction of damping-off damage caused by distance-dependent colonization of AM. In Quercus, most seeds and seedlings were eaten by vertebrates in FUs. The seedling mortality caused by leaf diseases was not high, even beneath conspecific forests with higher colonization of EM in gaps, suggesting a positive EM influence. In both species, seedling mass was greatest in conspecific forests and gradually decreased towards the interior of heterospecific forests in gaps, due to higher colonization of mycorrhizae near conspecifics. In conclusion, light conditions strongly altered the mode of CDD via changes in relative influence of pathogens and mycorrhizae, suggesting that gap creation may regulate species diversity via changes in the mode of CDD.

中文翻译:

间隙的产生通过病原体和菌根的相对影响的改变而改变了特定距离依赖的幼苗的建立方式。

在森林群落中,同种密度/距离依赖性(CDD)是调节多样性的重要因素。未知的是,通过病原体和菌根的相对重要性的改变,间隙产生的方式和程度如何改变CDD的方式和强度。在两个森林中,从Acer和Quercus占主导地位的森林之间的边界向森林内部的四个距离分别播种两种硬木(即与丛枝菌根[AM]相关的Acer单株和与切除菌根[EM]相关的锯齿栎)的种子底线和差距。研究了菌根真菌种子和幼苗死亡率,幼苗生长和定居的原因。在宏cer市,宏cer林的种子和幼苗死亡率最高,而在福建省,其向栎林内部逐渐降低,主要是由于土壤病原体,无脊椎动物和叶片疾病的严重侵袭。由于减少了依赖于距离的AM菌落引起的阻尼损伤,因此在间隙中反之亦然。在栎属,脊椎动物中的脊椎动物食用了大多数种子和幼苗。由叶病引起的幼苗死亡率并不高,即使在缝隙内EM较高定植的同种林下,也表明EM产生了积极影响。在这两个物种中,由于菌根附近的菌种较高的定殖,幼苗在同种林中的质量最大,并向间隙内的异种林内部逐渐减少。总之,光照条件通过病原体和菌根的相对影响的变化强烈改变了CDD的模式,
更新日期:2020-01-21
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